Ortho Flashcards
3 types of spina bifida?
- mylomeningocele - the most severe neurological deficits seen, 2. meningocele - the sack will protrude from the spinal colum 3. spina bifida occulta - mildest type
What blood results will you find in osteomalacia?
low calcium, low phosphate, raised ALP
Which spinal tract does syryngomyelia effect?
Spinothalamic - so pain and temp
What is perthes disease?
avascular necrosis of the femoral head - impaired blood supply causes bone infarction
Describe brown sequard lesion?
ipsilateral paralysis and contralateral change in pain/ temp sensation
What is parsonage Turner syndrome?
peripheral neuropathy which will complicate a viral illness
Management of a fracture of the anatomical neck of the humerus
hemiarthroplasty
What are the 6 causes of pseudo gout?
hyperparathyroidism, hypothyroid, haemachromatosis, acromegaly, reduced mag/ reduced phos, Wilsons disease
what is Galeazzi fracture?
fall onto outstretched hand with rotational force ,displaced radial / ulnar fracture and dislocation of inferior radioulnar joint
What is monteggia fracture?
dislocation of proximal radioulnar joint and ulnar fracture
Which nerves make up the SURAL nerve?
Branches of the tibial and common fibular nerve
What is the barlow/ ortolani test?
They are used for screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip
4 radiographic signs of OA?
- joint space narrowing 2. subchondral sclerosis 3. osteophytes 4. subchondral cysts
What causes dupytrens contracture?
Contraction of the palmar fascia
Which nerve passes through guyons canal?
Ulnar nerve
Which nerves are part of the posterior cord, of the brachial plexus?
Axillary and radial nerve
Which nerve is associated with tarsal tunnel syndrome?
Tibial nerve
What are the symptoms of trisomy 18? and what is the syndrome called?
Omphalocele, microcephalis, difficulty feeding, cryptorchidism. EDWARDS syndrome
What age is perthes disease most common?
4-8 years
Which fracture is most commonly associated with AVN of the femoral head?
inter capsular fracture of the femoral neck
What is pes cavus?
high arched foot which will not flatten through weight baring
What is kohl’s disease?
AVN of the navicular bone
Explain the ortolani test?
flex and abducted (think out - o)
Explain the Barlow test?
hip adducted
What cell does an osteoid osteomalacia arise from?
osteoblast
What diseases is carpal tunnel associated with?(5)
RA, DM, Hypothyroid, amyloid, acromegaly
What malignancy is a rare complication of pagets disease?
osteosarcoma
What is codmans triangle associated with?
osteosarcoma
Which bacteria commonly causes gas gangrene?
clostridium perfringens
Which tendon is involved in flexion of the DIP
FDP
Boutonniere compared to swan neck deformity?
Boutonniere the flexion is of the proximal, swan neck the flexion is the distal joint
Most common complication after femoral neck fracture?
AVN
Which age is SUFE most common?
m 12-16, f 10-14
What is the characteristic appearance of an osteoclastoma on XR?
Multiple lytic and Lucent areas (soap bubble) appearance
Which amino acid is present in all types of collagen?
Glycine
A defect in which cell causes osteopetrosis?
Osteoclast function
Which tumour are you at risk of developing in pagets disease?
Osteosarcoma
