Thinking, Reasoning and Intelligence Flashcards
affective forecasting
tendency to overestimate how things will make them feel in the future
analogical representations
showing the characteristics of an actual object
anchoring
making judgments based on the first thing that comes to mind
aphasia
an effect after a stroke that causes people to loose the ability to express written and spoken language
cognition
mental activities with thinking, knowing. remember and communicating
concept
a mental representation that groups similar things around common themes
crystalized intelligence
a persons general knowledge and reasoning based on information you acquire
fluid intelligence
ability to learn and reason abstractly and solve problems
decision making
trying to choose the best choice out of multiple options
deep structure
thoughts concepts feelings and ideas
emotional intelligence
being able to understand, express, and regulate emotions
framing
tendency to think a lot about the potential losses and gains from alternatives
functional fixedness
having set ideas about the typical functions of objects
general intelligence
general mental ability
heuristics
shortcuts used to how much thinking we use to make decisions
intelligence
ability to understand, learn, solve, and adapt
intelligence quotient (IQ)
intelligence by the base of mental age divided by chronological age
linguistic relativity theory
the particular language we speak influences the way we think about reality
mental age
a specific individual, at a specific age, performs intellectually, compared to average intellectual performance for that individual’s actual chronological age
mental sets
tendency to only seeing solutions that have worked in the past-example: You pull on a door handle to open it. The door doesn’t open. You pull on it a few more times before you try to push, failing to notice the “push” sign on the door.
problem solving
process by deciding a goal and finding steps to get there
representativeness heuristic
based judgements made everyday-example:thinking that because someone is wearing a suit and tie and carrying a briefcase, that they must be a lawyer, because they look like the stereotype of a lawyer
restructuring
trying a new way of thinking about a problem to get to a conclusion
script
an idea or order in the brain of how to do things-example: in class the teacher lectures u take notes and then u leave
somatic markers
bodily reaction to a certain emotion or feeling-example: anxiety causes an increase in heart rate
stereotypes
generalized belief about a specific category of people-example: gender bias
stereotype threat
people can change the way they think because of the awareness of a stereotype
deep and surface structure
deep structure refers to concepts, thoughts, ideas & feelings whereas surface structure refers to the words / language we use to represent the deep structure.
symbolic representations
physical representations of objects and people and what they represent to u
symbolic representations
physical representations of objects and people and what they represent to u
