Public policy Quiz 1 Flashcards
is there a single policy responsible for the development of the federal budget in the United States?
there is no single policy responsible for the development of the federal budget in the United States
who is responsible for the collection of any federal taxes and the execution of any spending
congress is responsible for the collection of any federal
taxes and the execution of any spending- Both of them require “legislation that is enacted into law”
what are the two categories of spending
mandatory spending (direct spending) and
Discretionary Spending
when is funding considered mandatory
When a program that is traditionally funded through an annual appropriations bill instead receives some funding directly from an authorizing bill
what happens to some tax policies
Some tax policies have time limits and are set to expire in a given year
who is Sen. Ron Wyden
(D-Oregon) chairs the Senate Finance Committee
what are the three goals for the Purpose of President request accomplishes
-Establishes recommendation for fiscal policy
-Lays out the administration’s relative priorities for federal programs
-Makes proposals to change some mandatory programs and parts of revenue law
when is congress supposed to pass the budget resolution?
Congress is supposed to pass the budget resolution by April 15, which is 5½ months before the October 1 start of the fiscal year, but it often takes longer
what has been happening with recent congressional budget resolution?
In recent years, it has been common for Congress not to pass a budget resolution at all
what happens if congress doesn’t complete action on an appropriations bill
before the start of the fiscal year on October 1?
it must approve, and the President must sign, a continuing resolution (CR) to provide stopgap funding for affected agencies and programs
what does the budget, which must be balanced, allocate?
all revenue resources including General Fund, Lottery, Federal, and Other Funds that pay for
public services
How long does the Oregon budget cover?
Oregon’s budget covers two years (not one) like the federal government does (Called a biennium)
what are the three phases of development?
Agency Request, Governor’s Recommended Budget and Legislatively Adopted Budget
What are the four sources of Oregon revenue?
general fund, other funds, federal funds, and lottery funds
when was the Oregon rainy day fund established?
The Oregon Rainy Day Fund is established as an account in the General Fund created in 2007
what is the Oregon Rainy day fund (budget stabilization fund)?
allow states to set aside surplus revenue for use during unexpected deficits
when was Oregon’s “kicker law” passed?
1979
what was Oregons “kicker law”?
“Oregon’s unique kicker law is activated if actual state revenues exceed forecast revenues by two percent or more over a two-year budget cycle. The excess is then returned to taxpayers in the form of a credit on the following year’s tax return” (OEA)
what happened in 1917?
Internal Revenue Bureau launched a special nationwide public education program to help citizens understand the new tax burden
what happened in 1953?
IRB becomes Internal Revenue Service (IRS) after comprehensive reorganization encouraged by President Truman
what is vertical equity?
“Treating different taxpayers differently”
what are the three key things about vertical equity entail?
-Progressive, if effective tax rates are higher for higher-income taxpayers
than for lower-income taxpayers;
-Proportional, if effective tax rates are essentially the same across different
income categories; or
-Regressive, if lower-income taxpayers experience higher effective tax rates
than higher-income taxpayers
regressive
if lower-income taxpayers experience higher
effective tax rates than higher-income taxpayers
what happened in 1913?
16th Amendment allowed for federal income tax for first time
