Public Policy Midterm

Question 1

definition of public policy

Answer 1

the relationship between political processes and policy outcomes, and how procedures and institutions affect how policies are developed, implemented and consumed

Question 2

what are governments considered?

Answer 2

sovereign bodies holding the highest authority in a specific region

Question 3

what was the emergence of civil service reform? (Wilson) (1883)

Answer 3

Pendleton civil service act of 1883 created a bipartisan civil service commission of 1883 changed the way that public administrators were hired and altering the way that policy was carried out

Question 4

Lipski 1980 identifies street level bureaucracy

Answer 4

police officers, social service providers, public school teachers, and judges

Question 5

who carries out the policies

Answer 5

the Lipski 1980 identifies

Question 6

what does Roberts (2020 p392) argue?

Answer 6

“a type of state emerging at a specific moment in history, raising widespread apprehensions about the growth of untrammeled bureaucratic power”

Question 7

when was the enlightenment? or the “age of reason”

Answer 7

17th-18th century in Western Europe

Question 8

who founded the Scottish enlightenment?

Answer 8

Frances Hutchinson

Question 9

what did the Scottish Enlightenment do?

Answer 9

inspired ideas from John Locke and elaborated the conditions that justified overthrowing foreign leaders by tyrannized colonial peoples

Question 10

what was one of President Washingtons strong beliefs?

Answer 10

education is crucial for developing public servants and for making policy

Question 11

What were Washington’s ideas centered in?

Answer 11

the Scottish enlightenment

Question 12

What did they believe about learning history?

Answer 12

learning history was vital in the education process because it could enhance well-being of future citizens

Question 13

what are ethics grounded in?

Answer 13

greek tradition

Question 14

what do technological theories do?

Answer 14

stress the importance of maximizing what is good

Question 15

what is Deontological?

Answer 15

emphasizes and motivates intentions instead of consequences as the most influential element in decision making

Question 16

Centralia Mine #5

Answer 16

on march 25, 1947 the central #5 coal mine exploded and 111 people died

Question 17

what are the three types of federalism?

Answer 17

layer cake, marble cake, picket fence

Question 18

what are the two types of federal grants

Answer 18

categorical and block

Question 19

what is categorical grant

Answer 19

funds must be used for specific purposes and have many restrictions on what money can be spent on

Question 20

what is block grants

Answer 20

more freedom on how to utilize funds, and states tend to favor these more than categorical due to the freedoms to decide what agencies and politics get funding

Question 21

public vs private

Answer 21

services are contracted “in” instead of “out” to private or non-profit organizations

Question 22

public vs public competition

Answer 22

government agencies that can do a bunch of different functions

Question 23

intrest lobbying groups

Answer 23

groups that aim to influence the creation and development of policy by strategizing ways to influence elected officials and or the representatives of those people and administrators/ bureaus that can influence policy creation or development

Question 24

political action committees

Answer 24

are legal fundraising committees registered with the government that created to raise and donate funds for interest groups

Question 25

what are super PAC’s

Answer 25

they are a subsection of PAC’s whose influence and/or popularity amount certain groups

Question 26

what is a single issue group

Answer 26

an interest group that cares about one single police issue

Question 27

what is the majority to pass a bill

Answer 27

51 out of 100

Question 28

after the majority vote what happens

Answer 28

am conference committee made out of House and Senate members work out any differences between the house and senate versions of the bill

Question 29

how many days does the president have to sign or veto the Enrolled Bill?

Answer 29

10

Question 30

can congress override the presidents decision?

Answer 30

yes if there is a two-thirds majority vote of each house

Question 31

what is the Oregon history project?

Answer 31

1902 and 1914 voters in the Beaver state passed laws that aimed to increase citizen participation within the legislative process which the purpose was led by a desire to provide more power to citizens which was arguably lot to business

Question 32

more about the Oregon history project?

Answer 32

the reforms were headlined by amendments to the state constitution which allowed citizens to put measures on the ballot by using initiative and referendum

Question 33

what is the policy process

Answer 33

according to the Jordan and Adelle 2012 the process is generally conceptualized into predictable parts or stages
1. problem emergence
2. agenda setting
3. consideration of policy options
4. decision making
5. implementation
6. evaluation

Question 34

pluralists

Answer 34

political power is widely although unevenly spread throughout society. Powerful groups exist in particular policy sectors, no single group is continuously capable of shaping the entire policy process. In policy terms, pluralists assume that agenda setting is open and competitive with the government acting as an honest broker

Question 35

Neo-pluralists

Answer 35

argue that business occupies a ‘privileged’ position compared to other groups. Pluralists assume that grievances are openly debated, Neo-pluralists argue that they are organized out of politics by institutional rules and routines. Small groups often out of view

Question 36

structuralists

Answer 36

the state government is under powerful structural pressure to nunure economic growth regardless of the environmental implications (benton 1996). Most environmental controls are nothing more than a sham introduced to pacify critics and keep the conflict between economic classes to manageable levels

Question 37

what happened in 1994

Answer 37

president Clinton passes “don’t ask don’t tell” and lasted till September of 2011