Things to remember for Block 3

Question 1

Heart Sympathetic Receptors and effects

Answer 1

Beta-1 Receptors - Increased Contractility and Heart rate

Question 2

GPCR of Beta 1

Answer 2

Gs

Question 3

Heart Parasympathetic Receptor and effect

Answer 3

Muscarinic receptor decrease heart rate

Question 4

What receptor type dominates systemic vasculature?

Answer 4

Alpha 1 receptors which increase vasoconstriction

Question 5

What GPCR is Alpha 1

Answer 5

Gq

Question 6

What receptor dominates pulmonary arteries?

Answer 6

Beta 2 Receptors

Question 7

What GPCR does the Beta 2 receptor undergo?

Answer 7

Gs

Question 8

What second messenger does Gq use in smooth muscle?

Answer 8

IP3
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Question 9

What second messenger does Gs use?

Answer 9

cAMP
Gas from food makes you turn on the AC and go to fat cAMP

Question 10

What second messenger does nitric oxide use?

Answer 10

cGMP
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Question 11

cGMP Effector in smooth muscle

Answer 11

Inhibits L type Calcium Channels
Excitation of MLC-P Dephosphorization
Causes the cell to relax

Question 12

cAMP Effector in vascular smooth muscle

Answer 12

PKA which phosphorylates MLCK into its inactive MLCK-P
MLC can not phosphorylate and therefore the cell relaxes

Question 13

cAMP Effector in cardiac muscle

Answer 13

Increase activity of L type calcium channel increasing influx of calcium ions

Question 14

IP3 Effector in smooth muscle

Answer 14

IP3 increases calcium secretion from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Increases NCX activity
Causes vasoconstriction

Question 15

Alpha - 1 Location, Agonist, GPCR, Secondary Messenger, Effect

Answer 15

Systemic Circulation, Norepinephrine, Gq, IP3, Vasoconstriction

Question 16

Beta - 1 Location, Agonist, GPCR, Secondary Messenger, Effect

Answer 16

Heart, Norepinephrine, Gs,cAMP activates PKa which directly binds onto calcium channel (No MLCK), Increased Heart rate and contractility

Question 17

Beta - 2 Location, Agonist, GPCR, Secondary Messenger, Effect

Answer 17

Pulmonary Vessels, Norepinephrine, Gs, cAMP inhibits MLCK, Vasodilation

Question 18

Difference between the signal cascades of vessels vs. cardiac muscle

Answer 18

In cardiac muscle their is no MLCK so cAMP increases calcium influx via PKa.
In vascular muscle cAMP inhibits MLCK and causes vasorelaxation.

Question 19

Role of Pka in the heart

Answer 19

Pka increases calcium influx into the heart and increases the calcium flow out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Pka also increases SERCA activity by phosphorylating Phospholamban to stop its inhibition of SERCA
More calcium can flow into the cell and remove itself from actin to increase the number of and strength of heart beats

Question 20

What does DAG do

Answer 20

activates contraction PKC in both the heart and vasculature

Question 21

Extra target of cGMP within vascular tissue

Answer 21

cGMP dependent Chloride channels

Question 22

Vascular Chloride channels

Answer 22

Activated by cGMP or Calcium
Allows chlorine to flow out of the cell

Question 23

Process of vasomotion

Answer 23

First contraction of smooth muscle followed by the release of NO -> GC-> cGMP -> Phosphorylate phospholamban to increase SERCA activity and reuptake calcium to relax the cell + Activate cGMP coupled Cl channels -> Cl- moves out of the smooth muscle cell and depolarizes the cell and through coupling with gap junction continues to depolarize the next cell

Question 24

What kind of currents exist in non-Pacemaker cells vs. Pacemaker cells?

Answer 24

Fast Na channels

Question 25

The Steps of Pacemaker Action Potentials

Answer 25

4 0 3
4 - Pre Threshold Depolarization
- Sodium influx slowly from If or “Funny” channels

0 - Threshold depolarization
- Calcium influx through voltage gated calcium channels
- Calcium channels begin to close overtime

3 - Repolarization
- Opening of K+ channels

Question 26

The Steps of Non-Pacemaker Action Potential

Answer 26

4 0 1 2 3
4 - Equilibrium potential of -90
- Strong K+ current
- Ca and Na channels are mostly closed
0 - Fast Depolarization -70 Threshold
- Opening of Sodium Channels and rapid influx
- K+ channels start to close
1 - Initial Fast depolarization
- Opening of fast Ikto Channels
- Calcium channels open
2 - Plateau phase
- Continual Opening of the Calcium channel
- Prevents reinitiating of action potential
3 - Repolarization
- Delayed K channels trigger
- Ca channels begin to inactivate