B3W2 Trans Phys

Question 1

What does calcium bind to to change tropomyosin conformation?

Answer 1

Troponin C which changes Tni and TnT with it

Question 2

Force per Cross Bridge

Answer 2

Force increases with the number of cross bridges

Question 3

What removes calcium from myocyte from most to least removal?

Answer 3

Serca NCX PMCA and Mitochondria

Question 4

Inotropy

Answer 4

Measure of contractility or force production

Question 5

What effects inotropy?

Answer 5

Intracellular Ca
Affinity for Ca
Increased cross bridge duration

Question 6

PkA effected components

Answer 6

Phosphorylates
L Type Calcium Channels increases Ca
RYR increases Ca
Phospholamban decreases Ca
TnI lowers affinity for Ca so Ca can reattach more

Question 7

Lusitropy

Answer 7

Ability to relax

Question 8

Inotropy Heart Failure

Answer 8

Calcium Leak through Ryr
Decreased Ca uptake
Removal of Ca from cell

less Ca available

Question 9

Ionotropic Therapies

Answer 9

Digoxin
Calcium Sensitizer Levosimendan
cAMP mediated stimulation
PDE inhibitor

Question 10

Digoxin

Answer 10

Improves Ventricular filling

Question 11

Calcium Sensitizer Levosimendan

Answer 11

Binds to Troponin C when calcium is too high

Question 12

Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C

Answer 12

Regulates systolic ejection
When phosphorylated prolongs attachment of actin and myosin

Question 13

Omecamtiv Mecarbil

Answer 13

Cardiac Myosin activator causes cross bridge to go into strongly bound state
Increased cross bridge binding = more force generation

Question 14

OM in mouse model

Answer 14

Increases Ca sensitivity at low Ca
slows rate of cross bridge detachment

Question 15

OM in humans

Answer 15

increase in contractility is submaximal
Prolongs cross bridge time so the heart is slower
improves systolic function but greatly hinder diastolic

Question 16

Hematocrit in Women vs. Men

Answer 16

38-42% in woman
40-44% in Men

Question 17

Blood BW

Answer 17

7%
10% in children

Question 18

Red Tube

Answer 18

No Chelator
Used to obtain Chemical tests

Question 19

Purple Tube

Answer 19

EDTA irreversible chelator
separates plasma from blood cells
CBC

Question 20

Blue

Answer 20

Sodium Citrate
reversible chelator
Coagulation test

Question 21

Anemia

Answer 21

Low MCV < 80
Normal MCV 80-100
High MCV >100

Question 22

MCV

Answer 22

Hemoglobin/Hematocrit

Question 23

Low MCV

Answer 23

Iron Deficiency
Thalassemias

Question 24

Normal MCV

Answer 24

High or Low Reticulocytes

Question 25

High Reticulocytes

Answer 25

Acute Blood Loss
Hemolytic Anemia

Question 26

Low Reticulocytes

Answer 26

Bone Marrow
Renal Disease

Question 27

Reticulocytes

Answer 27

New RBCs

Question 28

High MCV

Answer 28

B12
Folate

Question 29

Normal APTT

Answer 29

25-35 sec

Question 30

Normal PT

Answer 30

10-12 sec