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MED PHYS > B4W1 Renal > Flashcards

B4W1 Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the concentration of components in plasma from highest to lowest?

A

Na, Cl, HCO3, K, Ca, PO4

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2
Q

What is the major osmolyte of the extracellular fluid?

A

Na+

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3
Q

Compare the ionic composition between interstitial fluid and plasma.

A

Essentially the same but there is no fluid protein in the interstitial fluid

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4
Q

Compare Na+, Cl-. and K+ concntrations between extra and intracellular fluid.

A

Extracellular
- High Na+ and Cl-
- Low K+

Intracellular
- Low Na+ and Cl-
- High K+

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5
Q

Effect of increasing extracellular NaCl?

A

Swelling of the ECF compartment
Depletion of ICF compartment

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6
Q

Effect of adding pure water?

A

Increase ICF compartment
Depletion of the ECF compartment

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7
Q

Effect of isotonic NaCl Water?

A

Increase ECF compartment
No change in ICF compartment

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8
Q

What is the major determinant of ECF volume?

A

Total body Na+

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9
Q

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

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10
Q

What percentage of cardiac output is received from the kidney?

A

20%

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11
Q

How can you identify superficial glomeruli?

A

They are the only glomeruli that have a bifurcated interlobular arteries.

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12
Q

What is a claudin?

A

A claudin is a family of proteins that determine the selectivity of tight junctions

Two claudins on two cells near one another form a selectivity barrier

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13
Q

Leaky Junction Characteristics

A

Electrical Resistance, Chemical Gradient, Transepithelial Voltage are low

Transport Rate is high

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14
Q

What is Glomerular filtration rate?

A

Rate of fluid movement from capillary space into Bowman’s Space
Volume filtered per unit of time

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15
Q

Average Kidney Glomerular Filtration Rate

A

180 L/Day

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16
Q

Average Daily Urine Amount

A

1-2 L/Day

17
Q

Endogenous Molecule Used to Measure GFR

A

Creatinine

18
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

The nephron

19
Q

Two main Components of a Nephron

A

Glomerulus and Tubule

20
Q

Glomerulus Function

A

Filter Blood

21
Q

Nephron Tubule Function

A

Convert Filtrate into Urine

22
Q

What are the two main types of nephrons?

A

Cortical and Juxtamedullary
85% Cortical
15% Juxtamedullary

23
Q

Main components of Glomerulus or Renal Corpuscle

A

Vasculature, Mesangial Cells, and Bowman’s Space. All of which are incased by epithelial cells to form Bowman’s Capsule

24
Q

Endothelial Cell Characteristics of the Proximal Tubule

A

Extensive Apical membrane with a lot of in-folding, has many mitochondria, and a large nucleus

25
Q

What is the Loop of Henle

A

Medullary Structure that contains S3 Segment of the Proximal Tubule, thin descending limbs, thin ascending limbs, and thick ascending limbs.

26
Q

Segments of the Proximal Tubule

A

S1 S2 and S3
S1 Renal Cortex
- Greatest Rate of Transport
S2 Medullary
S3 Outer Medullary
- Has lowest rate of transport
- Has the highest gradient

27
Q

Thin Descending Limbs

A

5% of filtered water reabsorbed but no Na+
Thin cells, few mitochondria, no membrane in-folding

28
Q

Thin Ascending Limbs

A

Na+ Maybe reabsorbed or secreted depending on the gradient
Thin Cells, few mitochondria, and no membrane in-folding

29
Q

Thick Ascending Limbs

A

Reabsorb
-20-30% NaCl
-K+
-Ca2+ and Mg2+
-HCO3-

Increase NaCl reabsorption in response to vasopressin
Secrete Tamm-Horsfall Protein
Does not reabsorb water

A lot of mitochondria, little apical membrane in-folding, but a lot of basolateral in-folding

30
Q

Role of Tamm Horsfall Protein (Uromodulin)

A

Role in immunity and stone prevention

31
Q

Macula Densa

A

Senses NaCl for tubuloglomerular feedback
Regulate Renin Release
Release paracrine factor

Large nuclei, a lot of mitochondria, basolateral portion is in contact with mesangial cells, the afferent arterioles, and efferent arterioles

32
Q

What characteristics make a goof GFR Marker?

A

Freely filterable, not reabsorbed or secreted, breakdown or accumulated by kidney, and physiologically inert

33
Q

Downsides of Creatinine as a biomarker

A

Increases in muscle mass increase creatinine

34
Q

Influences on the glomerular filtration barrier

A

Blood Pressure/Flow, Urine obstruction, change in extracellular volume, and reaction to hormones

35
Q
A

MED PHYS (26 decks)

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