B2W1 Med Phys Nervous System Development and Organization Flashcards
Main breakdown of the nervous system
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory and Motor Functions
Somatic nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
Voluntary control of skeletal muscle
Anatomy of Somatic Nervous System
One neuron system
efferent axon synapses directly on to muscle at the NMJ
Innervation is excitatory
Neurotransmitter is ACh
Efferent vs. Afferent
Efferent “E” Exit from Central Nervous System
Afferent “A” is an arrow toward the Central Nervous system
Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System
Two Neuron System
Pre- and post-ganglionic fibers
Innervation can be excitatory or inhibitory
Multiple Neurotransmitters
ACh, NE, and Epi
Fast Anterograde Axoplasmic Transport
Fast Transport moves membranous organelles, vesicles, and macromolecules
Uses kinesin to move molecules along the microtubules towards the positive end of the tubules
Retrograde Axoplasmic Transport
Growth factor is moved towards the cell body via dynein or MAP-1C
Slow Axoplasmic Transport
Transport of proteins with the help of neurofilaments and microtubule subunits
Neuronal Structure Classifications
Axonal Projection
Dendritic Pattern
-Pyramidal
-Stellate
Number of Processes
- Unipolar
- Bipolar
- Multipolar
Neural Modalities
Direction
- Afferent
- Efferent
Anatomical Distribution
- Visceral
- Somatic
Embryological Organ
- Special
- General
Special Embryonic Cells
Cells that mature into sensory neurons
Development of the Nervous System
Three Tissue Layers exist
Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm
- Nervous System
- Skin
From what layer does the nervous system derive from?
Ectoderm
Steps of Neural Development in Fetus
Mesodermal Cells -> Notochord -> Neurulation is induced -> Neuroectoderm is formed by the notochord pulling down the neural plate -> Neural plate being pulled down causes a neural grove to form with neural crest along the sides -> The neural crest come together and separate from the ectoderm and the neural groove becomes the neural tube -> The neural tube becomes the spinal cord and the neural crest becomes the dorsal root ganglion
Embryonic Brain Development Regions First 28 Days
From top to bottom:
Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
Spinal Cord
Embryonic Brain Development Regions 35 Days
From top to bottom:
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
Spinal Cord
Adult Derivative of the Telencephalon
Cerebral Hemispheres
Adult Derivative of the Diencephalon
Thalamus
Subthalamus
Hypothalamus
Neuropituitary
Adult Derivative of the Mesencephalon
Midbrain
Adult Derivative of the Metencephalon
Pons
Cerebellum
Adult Derivative of the Myelencephalon
Medulla
Spinal Cord/Neural Tube plates
Alar Plate and Basal Plate
Alar Plate
Becomes Dorsal Horn
Receives sensory input
