B3W3 Heart Failure

Question 1

Hypertension Diagnoses

Answer 1

3 Separate readings above 140/90 mmHg

Question 2

Primary Hypertension

Answer 2

No known cause
Essential hypertension

Question 3

Secondary Hypertension

Answer 3

Due to an underlying medical condition

Question 4

Heart Failure

Answer 4

Heart that can not maintain cardiac output due to either systolic or diastolic dysfunction

Question 5

Systolic Disfunction

Answer 5

Impaired ability to pump blood
causes decreased stroke volume and cardiac output
decreases ejection fraction

Question 6

Diastolic Dysfunction

Answer 6

impaired filling of the blood
Ventricle unable to relax
decreases stroke volume and cardiac output
ejection fraction remains the same

Question 7

Most Common cause of Right Sided Heart Failure

Answer 7

Left Sided heart failure

Question 8

Cause of Systolic Dysfunction

Answer 8

Myocardial Infarction, ischemia, or chronic regurgitation
increases afterload

Question 9

ESPVR

Answer 9

The point of the end of systole on a PV loop will be shifted down and to the right

Question 10

Cause of Diastolic Dysfunction

Answer 10

Impaired relaxation
Left ventricular hypertrophy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, or myocardial ischemia

Impaired lv filling
Mitral Stenosis
Pericardial Constriction or tamponade

Question 11

Chronic Neurohormonal Release

Answer 11

Increase in plasma NE, Renin, ADH,ANP, and ET-1

Question 12

Nonpharmalogical Treatment of HF

Answer 12

Lifestyle changes
Stop smoking, decrease alcohol, maintain ideal body weight, and exercise

Question 13

Diuretics

Answer 13

Increase sodium and water secretion to decrease blood pressure
All drugs work well with diuretics

Question 14

Thiazide Diuretics

Answer 14

Most effective treatment for hypertension

Question 15

Loop Diuretics

Answer 15

Most effective at volume decrease

Question 16

Beta 1 Receptors

Answer 16

Increase Sympathetics of the heart

Question 17

Muscarinic Receptors

Answer 17

Only in Heart
Parasympathetics lower sympathetic response

Question 18

Alpha 1 Receptors

Answer 18

Sympathetics Cause Vasoconstriction

Question 19

Beta 2

Answer 19

Sympathetics cause relaxation

Question 20

Beta Blockers

Answer 20

Can Block Beta 1 or Beta 2
Both decrease contractility and heart rate
Prevents overuse of the heart
Can be used with ACE inhibitors or diuretics

Question 21

ACE inhibitors

Answer 21

Prevents Angiotensin converting into Angiotensin II

Question 22

RAAS

Answer 22

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
In response to low water and sodium volume
Activates SNS

Question 23

AT-1

Answer 23

Angiotensin Receptor
When stimulated causes vasoconstriction

Question 24

ARB

Answer 24

Angiotensin II type 1 inhibitor
causes Vasorelaxation

Question 25

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 25

Inhibits voltage gated calcium channels causes vasodilation
Decreases heart rate and contractility
Treats Diastolic Heart Failure and Hypertension

Question 26

Direct Effect of Cardiac Glycosides

Answer 26

Inhibits Na/K pump
Increases Intracellular Calcium which increases contraction, stroke volume, and cardiac output

Question 27

Indirect Effect of Cardioglycocides

Answer 27

Increases parasympathetics and decreases sympathetics to the AV node which decreases vascular rate
Increases ventricle filling and increases cardiac output