B3W3 Trans Phys Regulation of flow

Question 1

Distribution Vessels

Answer 1

Conductance vessels or arteries

Question 2

Diffusion/filtration vessels

Answer 2

capillaries

Question 3

Resistance vessels

Answer 3

arterioles and venules

Question 4

Microcirculation

Answer 4

arterioles, capillaries, and venules

Question 5

Collection vessels

Answer 5

Capacitance Vessels or Veins

Question 6

Blood pressure and volume distribution

Answer 6

Blood pressure is higher arterially than venously but increases in volume on the venous side

Question 7

Pulse Pressure

Answer 7

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure in an artery (SBP-DBP)

Determined by stroke volume and vessel compliance V/P

Question 8

High Pulse Pressure

Answer 8

Atherosclerotic disease or rigid arteries

Question 9

Low pulse pressure

Answer 9

hypothyroidism reduced CO or low SV

Question 10

Perfusion pressure

Answer 10

Change in pressure from arterial side to venous side

Question 11

Determinants of Perfusion pressure

Answer 11

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation of small vessels, mainly arterioles and venules, which regulate blood pressure and flow

Question 12

Flow equations

Answer 12

Flow = velocity x cross sectional area
Flow = pressure / resistance

Question 12

Local Vasodilators

Answer 12

Nitric Oxide
Hydrogen Ions
Adenosine
Prostaglandins

Question 12

Local Vasoconstrictors

Answer 12

Endothelin
Oxygen

Question 13

Area Vs. Blood velocity

Answer 13

High Area = Lower Blood Velocity but same flow due to cross sectional area

Question 14

Pressure Volume Distribution

Answer 14

As the Mean Pressure decreases Percent Volume increases, until the vena cava

Question 15

Elastance Vs. Compliance

Answer 15

Elastance is ability to bounce back to original shape
Compliance is how easy it is to change the shape

Question 16

Vein and Artery Compliance and Elastance

Answer 16

Artery High Elastance Low Compliance
Vein Low Elastance High Compliance

Question 17

Contraction of Smooth Muscle

Answer 17

Calcium in -> Calcium release from SR -> Ca with Calmodulin -> Calcium with calmodulin activates MLCK -> MLCK phosphorylates MLC into p-MLC to increase contraction

Question 18

Relaxation of Smooth Muscle

Answer 18

cAMP inhibits MLCK
cGMP activates PKG which inhibits activated MLCK
cGMP also inhibits l type calcium channel