Thing I need help with Flashcards
What is a gene verse an allele
A gene is a segment of a chromosome, which is encoded by DNA, and genes come in pairs called alleles, and each allele is a variation of that gene.
What is the dominant allele and what does it do the recessive allele.
The dominant allele is the stronger allele and it makes the recessive allele.
What is the recessive allele
It is the weaker allele and only is expressed when both alleles are recessive.
What is the genotype
It is the genes that an organism has
What is the phenotype
It is the traits the organism has
Define a homozygous and heterozygous allele pairs
Homozygous: when an organism has two of the same allele
Heterozygous: when an organism has a dominant allele or a recessive allele. The alleles are not the same.
What are the main principles of Mendelian genetics.
A. Each trait is controlled by two genes called alleles
B. Alleles can be either dominant or recessive. Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles.
C. Each offspring gets one allele from each parent.
Who was one of the first people to study genetics
Gregor Mendel
What do chromosome do during reproduction
Chromosomes separate during reproduction, and eachsex cell gets one allele for a trait, so the offspring gets a random allele from both of the parents.
What is an incomplete dominant allele
An allele that isn’t completely dominant and doesn’t complete mask the recessive allele, where both traits are expressed in an organism, result in some sort of blending.
What is a co-dominant trait
Where neither allele is dominant over the other, result in some sort of blending.
What is and examples of a genetic disease.
Cystic fibrosis which is lung disease that comes from the gene CFTR, (Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.
What is a genetic disease called when is it carried on the X or y chromosome
Sex-linked disease
A male offspring receives one __ chromosome from the mother and one __ chromosome from the father.
X, Y
What is crystal structure
It is a material with a repeating, orderly atoms
What is the distance from the Earth to the Sun
One AU/ Astronomical Unit, 150,000,000
What it the formula for speed
S=D/T
What is the formula of acceleration
Acceleration=
Final velocity-initial velocity/Time
Fnet/Mass
What is the formula for work
W= Force x distance
What is the formula of power
P= Work/Time
What is DC and AC current
DC: the charge of electricity stays the same and they move in the same direction. Ex: Electricity from a battery
AC: the charge of electricity changes and alternates direction periodically. Ex: Electricity from an outlet
What is the formula for voltage
Voltage=Current x resistance
What does ohms measure
Resistance
What does amperes (A) measure
Current
What does volts (V) represent
Voltage
What is voltage
It is the energy of the electrons in a circuit.
When resistance ____________
current increases
When resistance ___________
current decrease
- Decreases
- Increases
What is current
The actually speed of electrons, versus the potential speed of electrons such as voltage.
What is the formula of electrical power
Power=Current x voltage
What are the three biggest dwarf planets
Cerces, PLuto, and Eris
What is an asteroid
Large chunks of irregularly shaped rocks. Usually located in the Asteroid Belt. Largest object in the solar system besides planets and moons.
What are comets
They are things made of dust, rock particles, frozen gases and ice. They are usually with enormous orbits around the sun. When they pass though the inner solar system because of their long tails-they become sometimes visible. Because their slightly vaporised by the sun.
What are meteoroids
A small piece of rock and dust.
When do meteoroids become meteors
When they enter the earth’s atmosphere and burn, which creates friction and causes the now meteor to burn up causing a bright streak to appear behind the meteor.
What are meteors
Meteoroids when they enter the earth’s atmosphere and burn up
What are meteorites
A meteor that makes it down to earth without burning up.
Is the earth longer around the equator, and why
Yes, because of its rotation
