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Science > Periodic table and bonding > Flashcards

Periodic table and bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

The atomic number of an element is based off of?

A

The number of protons it contains

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2
Q

The most abundant element on Earth is

A

Oxygen

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3
Q

The second most abundant element on Earth is?

A

Silicon

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4
Q

What is the third most abundant element on Earth

A

Aluminum

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5
Q

What is the fourth most abundant element on Earth

A

Iron

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6
Q

What vague amount of oxygen in Earth

A

46.4%

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7
Q

What is the vague amount of silicon on Earth

A

27.2%

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8
Q

What is the vague amount of aluminum on Earth

A

8.1%

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9
Q

What does a Periodic table usually contain

A

Atomic number, number of valence electrons, symbol, atomic mass, and state on matter at room temperature

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10
Q

Can two elements have the same atomic number

A

NNNNNNNOOOOOO

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11
Q

What is atomic mass

A

It is the “weight” of a atom

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12
Q

How is atomic mass found?

A

It is found by adding the number of protons to the number of neutrons

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13
Q

What is a isotope

A

An atom with a different amount of neutron than usual, therefore changing its mass. But there will still be the same chemical properties.

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14
Q

What is the reasoning behind if the atomic mass of a substance has decimals

A

It is the amount of protons plus the average number of neutrons.

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15
Q

What is the unit of measurement for atoms

A

AMU (atomic mass unit)

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16
Q

What is one AMU equal to

A

One proton

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17
Q

How many AMUs is a gram equal to

A

6(10 to the power of 23), 600,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, or one sextillion

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18
Q

Electrons are how many times smaller than a proton

A

2000 time

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19
Q

All elements have a symbol, what can the symbols be?

A

They can be a capital letter, or a capital letter with a lower case letter

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20
Q

What is a valence electron

A

The electrons on the most outer energy level

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21
Q

A valence electron can be shown as a

A

Square

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22
Q

Valence electrons are the electrons that are…………………… when atoms bond together

A

Electrons that are transferred or shared

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23
Q

A family in periodicity is like?

A

It is like a vertical row and elements in the family are similar

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24
Q

What is a period in periodicy like

A

It is like a horizontal row and the elements in the period aren’t similar.

25
Q

What is an example of a family in periodicy like

A

For example, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and other members of family IA are all soft, white, shiny metals.

26
Q

All members of the same family have what?

A

The same number of valence electrons

27
Q

The first element in a period is always a ________________ and the last element is always an __________________

A

Extremely active solid, inactive gas

28
Q

What is a valence shell

A

The outermost shell or orbital of an atom

29
Q

What element is its own class

A

Hydrogen

30
Q

Hydrogen is a what at room temperature

A

Gas

31
Q

Hydrogen has how many protons

A

One

32
Q

Hydrogen has how many electrons

A

One

33
Q

Hydrogen has how many energy levels

A

One

34
Q

Hydrogen takes how many electrons to fill its valence shell

A

Two

35
Q

What elements are in the alkali family.

A

Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Casesium, Francium

36
Q

Atoms in the alkali family have how many valence electrons

A

One

37
Q

What are characteristics of the elements in the alkali family

A

They are shiny, have the consistency of clay, and they are easily cut with a knife

38
Q

The alkali family is found in which column in the periodic table

A

The first

39
Q

The alkali family is mostly made up of what

A

Reactive metals

40
Q

The alkali family is what with water

A

It is very reactive

41
Q

Alkali metals are never what in nature

A

They are never found as free elements in nature.

42
Q

Alkali metals are always what with other elements

A

Bonded with other elements

43
Q

What does it mean to be reactive

A

Reactivity is the the ability of a substance to interact chemically with a second substance.

44
Q

What makes an element reactive

A

An incomplete valence shell, doesn’t have 8 electrons in the very outermost energy level. (Which is called the rule of octet) Atoms bond until this level is complete, atoms with few valence electron lose them during bonding, and atoms with 6, 7, or 8 valence electrons gain more electron during bonding

45
Q

Sodium has how many valence electrons

A

One

46
Q

Chloride has how many valence electrons

A

Seven

47
Q

What happens when a sodium atom loses an electron to chloride

A

They form sodium chloride, which is salt

48
Q

Alkali earth metals are never found what in nature

A

Uncombined

49
Q

Alkali earth metals contain how many valence electrons

A

Two

50
Q

What are the members of the alkali earth metals

A

Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium

51
Q

What column are the alkali earth metals located

A

In the second family/column

52
Q

Where are transition metals located in the periodic table

A

They are located in the middle of the periodic table, plus scandium, yttrium, minus the hydrogen, the alkali metal, alkali earth metals, post transition metals, and unknown properties,

53
Q

The transition metals include what elements from what family

A

Family B

54
Q

What are some familiar elements in the transition element family,

A

Copper, tin, zinc, iron, nickel, gold, and silver

55
Q

Transition elements are a good what of heat and electricity

A

Conductor

56
Q

Compounds of transition metal are usually used to do what

A

Color paints

57
Q

Transition metals have how many valence electrons, in which they lose when they form bonds with other atoms,

A

1 or 2 electrons

58
Q
A

Science (12 decks)

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