thermoregulatuon

Question 1

thermoregulation

Answer 1

maintenance of internal temperature within narrow limits, continues even with dormancy

Question 2

ectotherms

Answer 2

• obtain heat from environment (cold blooded)
• most reptiles, amphibians, fish
• use behavior to warm up or cool down
• needs less food which is beneficial when food is limited

Question 3

heat is gained/lost in 4 ways

Answer 3

conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation

Question 4

conduction

Answer 4

transfer of heat between molecules that are in direct contact (lizard on a warm rock)

Question 5

convection

Answer 5

transfer of heat by movement of air or liquid past a surface (warm wind)

Question 6

radiation

Answer 6

electromagnetic waves transfer heat to objects that aren’t in direct contact (basking)

Question 7

evaporation

Answer 7

loss of heat from the surface of a liquid (lizards nostrils)

Question 8

endotherms

Answer 8

• generate heat by own metabolism (warm blooded)

- mammals

Question 9

poikilotherms

Answer 9

internal temps vary

Question 10

homeotherms

Answer 10

internal temps stay the same

-ectotherms can be homeotherms

Question 11

cooling by evaporation examples

Answer 11

• sweating
• endergonic reaction, heat removed
• respiratory tract (panting)

Question 12

warming by metabolism examples

Answer 12

• muscle contraction (shivering)
• metabolic activities
• ex of metabolic activities: cold weather: hormonal changes that boost the metabolic rate of birds and mammals increasing heat production

Question 13

adjusting surface area

Answer 13

• extra skin (brahma drew laps)
• bigger ears (elephants, rabbits)
• by changing volume of blood to these areas heat can be lost or conserved

Question 14

countercurrent exchange

Answer 14

• warm blood cooled
• cool blood warmed
• ex: a ducks feet in icy water, dolphin flippers
• goose: blood leaves at 35 C and enters at 33 C

Question 15

hibernation

Answer 15

• body temp drops below normal
• state of suspended animation
• not easily aroused
• ex: chipmunks, ground squirrels (have been known to go below 0 in semi frozen state)

Question 16

dormancy

Answer 16

• body temperature only drops a few degrees

- easily awakened and angry when it happens

Question 17

torpor

Answer 17

• physiological state of decreased activity and metabolism
• adaptation that allows animals to save energy during difficult or dangerous conditions (long term or daily)
• chickadee: feeds during day and goes into torpor on cold nights

Question 18

piloerection

Answer 18

• aka goosebumps, but on other animals it has a purpose

- it allows birds to make airtight chamber to keep body heat in

Question 19

clustering

Answer 19

bees keep warm by clustering together and shivering

Question 20

insulation

Answer 20

hair, feathers, fur, hat

Question 21

hypothalamus

Answer 21

• controls temperature in humans and other mammals by complex feedback systems
• acts as a thermostat