immune system 3rd line of defense

Question 1

immune system

Answer 1

recognizes specific invaders more efficiently than nonspecific. it has extreme efficiency, memory, and a prompt response to second exposure to an antigen. it can amplify inflammatory and complement responses

Question 2

antigen

Answer 2

any molecule that elicits an immune response (virus, bacteria, mold, etc)

Question 3

antibody

Answer 3

the system responds to an antigen by producing a specific type of antibody that attaches to the antigen and helps counter the effects

Question 4

immunity

Answer 4

refers to the resistance to specific invaders

Question 5

acquired immunity

Answer 5

immunity gain after experience

Question 6

active immunity

Answer 6

gained from exposure / vaccinations

Question 7

passive immunity

Answer 7

passed from mother to child (can pass through placenta or milk)

Question 8

2 types of lymphocytes

Answer 8

B cells and T cells

Question 9

B cells

Answer 9

mature in bone and release antibodies that function when dissolved in blood and have memory

Question 10

how antibodies function

Answer 10

(they are proteins specific to one antigen) attach to antigen flagging them and having a macrophage of complement destroy it

Question 11

5 classes of antibodies

Answer 11

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

each has specific activity

Question 12

plasma cells (effector cells)

Answer 12

B cell responsible for creating and secreting antibodies, only live a few days, but can make about 2000 Ab/second

Question 13

memory cells

Answer 13

long lived B cells that respond quickly to a subsequent invasion by the same antigen

Question 14

clonal selection theory

Answer 14

B cells can randomly rearrange the variable regions of an antibody until a match is made for a new antigen. involves primary and secondary immune response

Question 15

primary immune response

Answer 15

when B cells find a match for an antigen, plasma cells are produced that make a new antibody

Question 16

secondary immune response

Answer 16

B cell makes memory cell to deal with antigen if it appears again

Question 17

T cells

Answer 17

originate in bone marrow and mature in thymus (above heart). they identify non self cells and create 2 kinds of daughter cells

Question 18

T cytotoxic

Answer 18

(killer) - drills holes into pathogen infected cells

Question 19

T helper

Answer 19

It is kind of nark cell that tattles on the antigens that are presented by macrophages. Macrophages will engulf an antigen and present some if its proteins on its cell membrane. T helper sees this and starts calling for the B cells, more macrophages and T cytotoxic cells.

Question 20

humoral immunity

Answer 20

(humors = body fluids, always involves serum and the action of Ab) defense against
bacteria and viruses free in the blood or extra cellular fluid. B cells have responded to antigens and have produced plasma cells and memory cells. Cell surfaced antigens with antibodies bound to them will be destroyed by phagocytes or trigger T cells. Protects against: viruses, bacteria and toxins in the body fluid.

Question 21

cell mediated immunity

Answer 21

defense mounted by T cells against bacteria and viruses inside of body cells, against fungi and protozoans, and against cancer cells. T cells promote phagocyte activity, Antibody
secretion by B cells. Protects against: bacteria and viruses within host cells. It is also responsible for transplant rejection.

Question 22

antibody antigen complexes can be eliminated by several mechanisms:

Answer 22

1. binding can physically neutralize antigen making them harmless
2. agglutination reactions cause cells/viruses to clump, which makes it easy for phagocyt es to capture and engulf them
3. they can activate complement proteins