general immunology / 1st line of defense

Question 1

plants

Answer 1

infection triggers chemical response that destroys infected and adjacent cells, thus localizing the effects

Question 2

mammals

Answer 2

use specific immune response triggered by natural or artificial agents that disrupt dynamic homeostasis

Question 3

lymphocytes

Answer 3

WBC, specific, makes antibodies

Question 4

monocyte

Answer 4

WBC, precursor to macrophages

Question 5

eosinophils

Answer 5

WBC, help break down blood clots and kill parasites

Question 6

basophils

Answer 6

WBC, make histamine, heparin (anticoagulant)

Question 7

neutrophils

Answer 7

WBC, phagocyte

Question 8

are white blood cells bound the blood vessels?

Answer 8

no they can leave and scavenge for pathogens

Question 9

3 lines of defense

Answer 9

1. skin/mucous membranes (nonspecific & innate)
2. inflammatory response / wound healing (nonspecific and innate)
3. acquired immune system (specific)

Question 10

skin

Answer 10

1st line, oily and acidic (pH 3-5), lysozyme

Question 11

saliva/tears

Answer 11

1st line, lysozyme

Question 12

cilia

Answer 12

1st line - in respiratory tract, sweeps out invaders in our throat as we swallow them

Question 13

stomach

Answer 13

1st line, acidic (pH 2)

Question 14

birth canal

Answer 14

1st line, acidic

Question 15

nose hairs

Answer 15

1st line, filter the air we breathe

Question 16

symbiotic bacteria

Answer 16

1st line, good bacteria that competes with bad

Question 17

mucous membrane

Answer 17

1st line, traps microbes

Question 18

lysozyme

Answer 18

enzymes capable of inhibiting or killing microbes

Question 19

antibiotics

Answer 19

chemicals derived from bacteria and fungi, only works on bacteria

Question 20

vaccines

Answer 20

stimulate B cells, you are exposed to actual viruses that are inactivated or fragmented. some are synthetic. if you come into contact with the real thing you can start an immune response before it does any damage

Question 21

autoimmune disease

Answer 21

when the immune system turns against its own bodies cells. rheumatoid arthritis (attack bone/cartilage), lupus (DNA), MS (myelin sheaths)

Question 22

immunodeficiency diseases

Answer 22

all or part of the immune system is lacking

Question 23

stress

Answer 23

can decrease immune activity

Question 24

allergies

Answer 24

abnormal sensitivity to antigens in our environment, children exposed to cigarette smoke are more likely to develop allergies. When exposed to the same allergens over and over, it causes a greater and greater release of histamine. This eventually causes allergy symptoms.

Question 25

epitope

Answer 25

antigenic determinant (where Ab binds)