thermoregulatory system

Question 1

sweating

Answer 1

glands secrete sweat onto the skin, where it evaporates and takes the heart from the body. Adrenal and thyroid glands secrete adrenaline and thyroxine which reduces metabolic rate and therefore heart generation

Question 2

gular fluttering

Answer 2

increases heat loss through the mouth. it occurs in birds, where they rapidly flap membranes in the throat to increase evaporation

Question 3

panting

Answer 3

is the process of evaporation of water from within the nasal passages, mouth, lungs/air sacs. This method of cooling is used by many mammals, reptiles and birds

Question 4

piloerection

Answer 4

Pilli erector muscles contract causing hairs or feathers on the skin to be raised. This traps lots of insulating air, reducing heat transfer from the skin. moulting can also help

Question 5

shivering

Answer 5

muscles contract and relax rapidly and cause heat to be produced by friction and respiration

Question 6

brown adipose tissue

Answer 6

cells take lipids and run them through the mitochondria to generate heat

Question 7

behavioural changes cooling

Answer 7

stretching out the body gives a larger surface area for heart loss. animals may seek shade and move less

Question 8

behavioural changes warming

Answer 8

curling up causes a smaller surface area for heat to escape. animals may move to warmer areas and show increased movement

Question 9

metabolic rate

Answer 9

endothermic metabolic reactions give off heart, so animals can alter their internal body temperature by changing their metabolic rate. ectotherms cannot use this mechanism their environment

Question 10

hypothermia

Answer 10

the body cannot maintain normal body temperature. There are 3 phases that have different levels of symptoms. this can result in death

Question 11

hyperthermia

Answer 11

is the elevation of the body temperature above the normal
causes - excessive exercise, infection, hormones
symptoms - fixed or dilated pupils, difficulty breathing, and coma

Question 12

hypothermia different stages symptoms

Answer 12

mild symptoms - weakness, shivering, and lack of alertness

moderate symptoms - muscle stiffness, low blood pressure, and slow breathing

severe symptoms - fixed or dilated pupils, difficulty breathing and coma

Question 13

How does the body get body temperature back to normal

Answer 13

control heart regulation. The heart is exchanged between two sources falling in opposite directions. the body temperature drops, arteries carry warm oxygenated blood away from the heart while veins carry cold deoxygenated blood towards the heart this happens to balance out body temperature

Question 14

Osmoregulation

Answer 14

it’s function is to to balance out water in your body.

Question 15

High water concentration

Answer 15

causes the body to become hydrated this is detected by the osmorecetors in the hypothalamus which son’s are response to the pituitary glands to select less ADH so less water is reabsorbed by the kidneys resulting in more urine being produced so more water is lost

Question 16

Low water concentration

Answer 16

causes the body to become dehydrated. By the osmorecptors in the hypothalamus which sends a response to the butchery gland to select ADH. ADH Increases and the kidneys are informed to absorb more water said because of my water is being used does less urination and less water loss

Question 17

Hypothalamus

Answer 17

senses a change in water levels