digestive systems

Question 1

what is nutrients

Answer 1

a nutrients is any food component that helps support life

Question 2

macronutrients

Answer 2

protein, carbohydrates, fats, water, fibre

Question 3

micronutrients

Answer 3

vitamins and minerals

Question 4

water

Answer 4

hydration

removal of waste

allow chemicals reaction to take place

Question 5

fibre

Answer 5

acids movement of food through the digestive system

expulsion of waste material

Question 6

carbohydrates

Answer 6

supply energy to the cells

Question 7

lipids

Answer 7

energy source

energy storage

insulation

protects organs

Question 8

protiens

Answer 8

growth and repair

Question 9

vitamins

Answer 9

important in a chemical reaction in cells

Question 10

minerals

Answer 10

many functions in the overall body health

Question 11

ingestion

Answer 11

uptake of food

Question 12

digestion

Answer 12

break down of food

Question 13

incisor

Answer 13

cutting and nibbling

Question 14

canine

Answer 14

tearing and piercing

Question 15

premolar

Answer 15

grinding and chewing food

Question 16

molar

Answer 16

grinding and chewing food

Question 17

herbivores

Answer 17

do not need canines instead they have gaps between the incisor. molars are wider and flatter. sharp incisors

Question 18

peristaltic

Answer 18

Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.

Question 19

mechanical digestion

Answer 19

refers to the physical breaking down of food into smaller pieces, including the action of chewing via teeth

Question 20

chemical digestion

Answer 20

the breakdown of food via enzymes and chemical

Question 21

gut flora

Answer 21

Bacteria and other organisms that live inside the intestines. They help digest food.

Question 22

amylase

Answer 22

it breaks down starch
produce in the salivary gland, the pancreas and small intestines

Question 23

proteins

Answer 23

it breaks down protein into amino acids
produce in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestines

Question 24

lipid

Answer 24

breaks down fat
produce in the pancreas and small intestines

Question 25

liver

Answer 25

where bile is produced. bile neutralises stomach acid

Question 26

hindgut fermenters

Answer 26

digest the majority of their food in their cecum and at the start of the large intestine large number, where there are large number of microbes to ferment the food

Question 27

how does blood glucose id regulated

Answer 27

blood glucose levels are regulated by the pancreas in a homeostatic process. the pancreas detects blood glucose concentration, then releases hormones that alter the amount of glucose in the blood

Question 28

insulin

Answer 28

is to balance the blood by lowing the blood sugar

Question 29

glucagon

Answer 29

regulates glucose levels it does this by increasing blood sugar stopping it from dropping

Question 30

villi

Answer 30

Villi are specialized for absorption in the small intestine as they have a thin wall, one cell thick, which enables a shorter diffusion path. They have a large surface area so there will be more efficient absorption of fatty acids and glycerol into the blood stream.

Question 31

sickness and diarrhoea causes

Answer 31

unsuitable amount of food contaminated food unsuitable food types stress pathogens treatment will vary depending on the cause

Question 32

ruminant bloat

Answer 32

Bloat can occur in any ruminant but is most common in cattle. It is caused by a build-up of gas in the rumen and cannot be fatal. Frothy bloat is caused by foam in the rumen trapping the gas. Free gas bloat is caused by obstructions in the oesophagus. Surgical procedures are needed to receive the bloat.

Question 33

ingestion of foreign bodies

Answer 33

forbidden bodies can cause obstruction in the digestive system. These can slow the digestive process, leading to the regurgitation of food or blocking the digestive system completely. Some forbidden bodies, such as nails or tools can puncture the digestive system leading to infection and death. treatment may involve surgery to remove the item.

Question 34

reticulum

Answer 34

acts as a filter removes large objects

Question 35

omasum

Answer 35

absorbs some water and reduces particle size

Question 36

abomasum

Answer 36

contains enzymes for further breakdown of digesta

Question 37

rumen

Answer 37

contains microorganisms that produce volatile fatty acids from cellulose

Question 38

Assimilation

Answer 38

nutrients being put to a purpose

Question 39

bird digestion

Answer 39

fast metabolic rate - have to consume more food than normal - they need to keep weight as low as possible