respiratory system

Question 1

alveoli

Answer 1

tiny pockets in the lungs with a rich blood supply where gas exchange occurs

Question 2

haemoglobin

Answer 2

Red blood cells carry oxygen to do this they contain a molecule called haemoglobin which is a protein that has a 4-polypeptide chain.
The red blood cells need haemoglobin so the oxygen can bind to the red blood cells

Question 3

foetal hemoglobin

Answer 3

Protein that carries oxygen

Question 4

Bohr effect

Answer 4

the Bohr perfect is when carbon dioxide comes into the bloodstream causing haemoglobin to change shape so it can pick up more oxygen to contradict this.

Question 5

single circulatory system

Answer 5

fish

Question 6

double circulatory system

Answer 6

amphibians, birds, mammals and most reptiles

Question 7

Oxygen debt

Answer 7

oxygen debt will a big increase in levels of exercise being done the body may not have enough oxygen to repaire aerobically. Instead anaerobic respiration can occur and lactic acid build-up in the muscles lactic acid can damage cells and tissues that can be broken down using oxygen because the temporary shortage of oxygen and oxygen debt occurs after anaerobic respiration has stopped an increase in ventilation raped and deeper breaths or panting survive the oxygen to payback the lactic acid build-up this continues until the extra lactic acid has been broken down

Question 8

birds breathing

Answer 8

the air sacs permit a unidirectional flow of air through the lungs. This means that air moving through bird lungs is largely fresh air & has a higher oxygen content.

Question 9

mammal breathing

Answer 9

diaphragm inhale - contract
exhale - relax

thorax volume inhale - increase
exhale - decrease

pressure inhale - decrease
exhale - increase

air flow inhale - in
exhale - out

Question 10

Mammal lungs

Answer 10

Mammals breathe bidirectional which means in different directions moving back and forth into and out of lungs as a result of this mammals lungs often mix new air and old air together and there is also less oxygen

Question 11

Lungs in birds

Answer 11

permit oxygen exchange on both inhalation and exhalation, are rigid, and have a relatively large surface area

Question 12

Myoglobin

Answer 12

An oxygen-storing, pigmented protein in muscle cells.

Question 13

Foetal Haemoglobin (HbF)

Answer 13

the main oxygen transport protein in the human fetus during the last seven months of development in the uterus and persists in the newborn until roughly 2-4 months old.