evolution

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

The process where different living organisms are believed to have developed gradually.

Question 2

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 2

The production of offspring through the fusion of a male and female gamete (sex cells ).

Question 3

Adaptation

Answer 3

Adaptation is an evolutionary process where an animal or population becomes better suited to its habitat.

Question 4

Mutation

Answer 4

are changes to an animals DNA sequence or specific genes.

This can be caused by external factors such as radiation, viruses, chemicals like those in cigarettes, or if the cells overdevelop.

Some mutations can also be passed on to offspring through sexual reproduction

Question 5

Natural Selection

Answer 5

is the process where traits make an animal more likely to survive and successfully reproduce, meaning their traits are more likely to be passed on to future generations.

These traits then gradually become more common in a population over successive generations.

Question 6

Speciation

Answer 6

is how a new kind of plant or
animal species is created.

Speciation occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics.

Question 7

Evidences for evolution

Answer 7

• Fossils = Show similarities between extinct animals and animals that are alive.
  Stored in earth’s layers indicating a specific time period they lived in.
• Homologous structures = Parts of the body that are similar in structure, but have different functions.
• Vestigial features = Parts of the body that seem to have no function now but indicate they had other more important uses in the past.
• DNA analysis = Comparing the DNA of one species to another, more similarities are found in species that are more closely related.
• Embryo development = of different species develop in almost identical ways.

Question 8

pentadactyl limb

Answer 8

A limb with five digits such as a human hand or foot which are found in many amphibia, reptiles, birds and animals, which can allow us to deduce that all species in these categories derived from one common ancestor.

Question 9

thing that cause evolution

Answer 9

density-dependent factors

Predators
availability of resources (shelter, water0
nutrient supply (food)
disease
accumulation of wastes

density-independent factors
phenomena
abiotic factors (temperature)
weather conditions

Question 10

Anatomical

Answer 10

the way an animal looks

Question 11

Physiological

Answer 11

the way in which the animals body works

Question 12

Behavioural

Answer 12

the way the animal acts

Question 13

Taxonomy

Answer 13

The science of identifying and naming organisms

Question 14

Classification

Answer 14

The ordering of organisms into groups on the basis of their similarities

Question 15

Mammals

Answer 15

Are vertebrates (which means they have a backbone or spine).
Are warm-blooded (endothermic) - regulate their own body temperate which allows them to live in almost every climate on Earth.
Have hair/fur on their bodies.
Breath air with lungs.
Are usually viviparous.
Produce milk to feed their babies.

Question 16

Reptiles

Answer 16

Reptiles have a backbone - They are vertebrates.
Reptiles are covered in dry scales.
Aural openings – no pinna.
Reptiles breathe with lungs.
Most reptiles lay eggs (oviparous).
Some reptiles, like the boa constrictor, give birth to live young (viviparous).
Almost all reptiles are cold-blooded (ectothermic).

Question 17

Fish/Pisces

Answer 17

Fish live in water.
Fish have a backbone (vertebrates)
Fish breathe using gills - they absorb oxygen through the gills.
Almost all fish are ectothermic.
Most fish have scales and fins
Most are oviparous but some are viviparous

Question 18

Birds/Aves

Answer 18

Birds have a backbone – Vertebrates
They are endothermic
Feathers are the defining characteristic of Aves, found on every living species of bird and no other class of animal.
All birds have wings, although not all birds fly. Nor are wings confined to Aves; bats are flying mammals and most insects have wings.
All birds have beaks or bills
All birds lay eggs

Question 19

taxonomy rank

Answer 19

king = kingdom
Philip = phylum
came = class
over = order
for = family
green = genus
soup = species

Question 20

armadillo

Answer 20

is made from specialised bone covered in small overlapping scales made from epidermal tissue. These scales make it look like reptiles but it is classified as a mammal

Question 21

duck-billed platypus

Answer 21

it has webbed feet and gathers its food underwater. The female lays eggs which makes them seem like an Aves class when it is a mammal

Question 22

bat

Answer 22

they can fly not glide this makes them seem like an Aves class when it is a mammal

Question 23

whale

Answer 23

they are warm-blooded and 4 chambered hearts and live in water whit make them seem like a fish when it is in fact a mammal

Question 24

Pangolin

Answer 24

they are covered in keratin scales which makes them seem like a reptile but also have some astro boots of an Ava. however, they are classified as a mammal

Question 25

characteristics of 5 vertebrae classes

Answer 25

Pisces/fish - gills, wet scales, ectothermic
Reptilia - dry scales, egg laying, ectothermic
Amphibia - egg laying, moist skin, ectothermic
Aves/birds - egg laying, feathers, beaks, endothermic
Mammalia - live bearing, milk producing, endothermic

Question 26

species

Answer 26

is a group of animals with similar characteristics which can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Question 27

binomial names

Answer 27

every organism is given two Latin names
genus - upper case first letter
species - lowercase first letter
this is good because it can be recognized all over the world and no species share the same name

Question 28

phylogenetic tree

Answer 28

shows how closely related the organisms are it shows that some species share a common ancenstor