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Pathophysiology > Thermoregulation > Flashcards

Thermoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

How do we warm up?

A 
Vasoconstriction
Increase Metabolism
Shivering
Piloerection
Chemical thermogenesis (hormones)
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2
Q

Thermoregulation

A

The process of maintaining the core body temp.

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3
Q

Normothermia

A

Normal body temp.

  1. 5-37.2 C
  2. 7-99 F
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4
Q

Hypothermia

A

A body temp. below 36.2 C or 97.1 F

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5
Q

Hyperthermia

A

A body temp above 37.6 C or 100 F

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6
Q

Thermogenesis

A

Production of heat

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7
Q

Conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

Multiply by 9
Divide by 5
Add 32

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8
Q

What is the temp. regulator in the body?

A

Hypothalamus

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9
Q

How do we sense external temp. changes?

A

Temp. sensors in the skin

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10
Q

What organ generates the major of body heat?

A

The liver

Majority of metabolic reactions happen in the liver

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11
Q

What is another generater of heat for the body?

A

Muscles

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12
Q

Piloerection

A

“goosebumps”

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13
Q

What specific hormone increases metabolism?

A

Hormones released by the Thyroid gland

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14
Q

Increased metabolism increases ___ and ___

A

Energy (ATP) and heat production

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15
Q

Why do you get chill during a fever?

A

Pyrogens reset the hypothalamus to above 100 F to drive out the invaded organisms
Body is at 98 needs to be 100 so chills

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16
Q

What are symptoms of a fever break?

A

Vasodilation

Sweating

17
Q

Pyrogens

A

Are produced in the body when there is an infection

Reset the Hypothalamus set point to a high degree (above 100 F)

18
Q

Benefits of fever

A

Kills organisms
Decreases minerals and nutrients for the microorganisms
Increases WBC action (phagocytosis and neutrophil mobilization)

19
Q

How do we cool down?

A

Sweating/Evaporation
Vasodilation
Decrease muscle tone

20
Q

Antipyretic

A

Tylenol
Decreases pyrogen and reverses their action on hypothalamus
Decreases fever

21
Q

How high the fever gets depends on ___ __ ____

A

Type of infection

22
Q

What causes a higher fever?

A

Bacterial Infection

23
Q

Radiation

A

Heat loss through heat waves flowing off the surface to the atmosphere
Ex. Patient losing heat from no blanket on top of them

24
Q

Conduction

A

Heat loss from surface to surface

Ex. Patient losing heat due to no sweat on cold bed

25
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat through currents of gases or liquids

Ex. Laying in the pool

26
Q

It is recommended to keep fever below ___

A

102 F

27
Q

What classifies a fever of unknown origin?

A

A fever last more than 3 weeks (adult) or 24 hours (infant)

No obvious cause or location of infection

28
Q

What causes a fever of unknown origin?

A

Infections
Neoplasm
Rheumatic inflammation
HIV associated

29
Q

Heat cramps

A

Severe abdominal cramps

Prolonged sweating > sodium loss > dehydrations > hypovolemia

30
Q

Heat exhaustion

A 
Large loss of volume from profuse sweating and dehydration
Weakness
Dizziness
Fainting
Confusion
Nausea
31
Q

Heat stroke

A 
Can be deadly
Widespread vasodilation > hypotension > shock
Absent sweating
Tachycardia
Confusion
Organ failure
32
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia

A

Triggered by anesthetics
Rare inherited muscle disorder
Can be deadly

33
Q

What is a main treatment for a patient with hyper/hypo thermia?

A

Treat the underlying cause
Remove them from the element causing the problem
Ex. remove wet clothes/find shade and water

34
Q

What does therapeutic hypothermia do?

A

Slow metabolism and preserve ischemic tissue damage

35
Q

Major consequence of hypothermia

A

Tissue necrosis

36
Q

Populations at highest risk for decrease thermoregulation

A

Very old and young
Poor people
Persons living in ver hot/cold environments

37
Q

Intervention for Hyperthermia

A 
Remove excess clothing
External cool packs
Provide cooling blanket
Hydrate with cool IV/oral fluids
Cooling lavages
Antipyretic drugs
38
Q

Interventions for Hypothermia

A

Remove from cold
Warming blankets
Provide internal warming measures

39
Q

What is the main concern for warming a person up after hypothermia?

A

Dysrhythmias

Cardiac monitoring id required when recovering a patient from severe hypothermia

Pathophysiology (12 decks)

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