Thermoregulation

Question 1

How do we warm up?

Answer 1

Vasoconstriction
Increase Metabolism
Shivering
Piloerection
Chemical thermogenesis (hormones)

Question 2

Thermoregulation

Answer 2

The process of maintaining the core body temp.

Question 3

Normothermia

Answer 3

Normal body temp.

36. 5-37.2 C
37. 7-99 F

Question 4

Hypothermia

Answer 4

A body temp. below 36.2 C or 97.1 F

Question 5

Hyperthermia

Answer 5

A body temp above 37.6 C or 100 F

Question 6

Thermogenesis

Answer 6

Production of heat

Question 7

Conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 7

Multiply by 9
Divide by 5
Add 32

Question 8

What is the temp. regulator in the body?

Answer 8

Hypothalamus

Question 9

How do we sense external temp. changes?

Answer 9

Temp. sensors in the skin

Question 10

What organ generates the major of body heat?

Answer 10

The liver

Majority of metabolic reactions happen in the liver

Question 11

What is another generater of heat for the body?

Answer 11

Muscles

Question 12

Piloerection

Answer 12

“goosebumps”

Question 13

What specific hormone increases metabolism?

Answer 13

Hormones released by the Thyroid gland

Question 14

Increased metabolism increases ___ and ___

Answer 14

Energy (ATP) and heat production

Question 15

Why do you get chill during a fever?

Answer 15

Pyrogens reset the hypothalamus to above 100 F to drive out the invaded organisms
Body is at 98 needs to be 100 so chills

Question 16

What are symptoms of a fever break?

Answer 16

Vasodilation

Sweating

Question 17

Pyrogens

Answer 17

Are produced in the body when there is an infection

Reset the Hypothalamus set point to a high degree (above 100 F)

Question 18

Benefits of fever

Answer 18

Kills organisms
Decreases minerals and nutrients for the microorganisms
Increases WBC action (phagocytosis and neutrophil mobilization)

Question 19

How do we cool down?

Answer 19

Sweating/Evaporation
Vasodilation
Decrease muscle tone

Question 20

Antipyretic

Answer 20

Tylenol
Decreases pyrogen and reverses their action on hypothalamus
Decreases fever

Question 21

How high the fever gets depends on ___ __ ____

Answer 21

Type of infection

Question 22

What causes a higher fever?

Answer 22

Bacterial Infection

Question 23

Radiation

Answer 23

Heat loss through heat waves flowing off the surface to the atmosphere
Ex. Patient losing heat from no blanket on top of them

Question 24

Conduction

Answer 24

Heat loss from surface to surface

Ex. Patient losing heat due to no sweat on cold bed

Question 25

Convection

Answer 25

Transfer of heat through currents of gases or liquids | Ex. Laying in the pool

Question 26

It is recommended to keep fever below ___

Answer 26

102 F

Question 27

What classifies a fever of unknown origin?

Answer 27

A fever last more than 3 weeks (adult) or 24 hours (infant) | No obvious cause or location of infection

Question 28

What causes a fever of unknown origin?

Answer 28

Infections Neoplasm Rheumatic inflammation HIV associated

Question 29

Heat cramps

Answer 29

Severe abdominal cramps | Prolonged sweating > sodium loss > dehydrations > hypovolemia

Question 30

Heat exhaustion

Answer 30

``` Large loss of volume from profuse sweating and dehydration Weakness Dizziness Fainting Confusion Nausea ```

Question 31

Heat stroke

Answer 31

``` Can be deadly Widespread vasodilation > hypotension > shock Absent sweating Tachycardia Confusion Organ failure ```

Question 32

Malignant Hyperthermia

Answer 32

Triggered by anesthetics Rare inherited muscle disorder Can be deadly

Question 33

What is a main treatment for a patient with hyper/hypo thermia?

Answer 33

Treat the underlying cause Remove them from the element causing the problem Ex. remove wet clothes/find shade and water

Question 34

What does therapeutic hypothermia do?

Answer 34

Slow metabolism and preserve ischemic tissue damage

Question 35

Major consequence of hypothermia

Answer 35

Tissue necrosis

Question 36

Populations at highest risk for decrease thermoregulation

Answer 36

Very old and young Poor people Persons living in ver hot/cold environments

Question 37

Intervention for Hyperthermia

Answer 37

``` Remove excess clothing External cool packs Provide cooling blanket Hydrate with cool IV/oral fluids Cooling lavages Antipyretic drugs ```

Question 38

Interventions for Hypothermia

Answer 38

Remove from cold Warming blankets Provide internal warming measures

Question 39

What is the main concern for warming a person up after hypothermia?

Answer 39

Dysrhythmias | Cardiac monitoring id required when recovering a patient from severe hypothermia