Acid/Base Regulation

Question 1

What is the major stimulus for breathing?

Answer 1

CO2

Question 2

Normal pH range for the human body

Answer 2

7.35-7.45

Question 3

Normal PaCO2 for the human body

Answer 3

35-45

Question 4

Normal HCO-3 (Bicarb) for the human body

Answer 4

22-26

Question 5

What is the first thing that reacts to a change in pH?

Answer 5

The lungs

Question 6

What is the second thing that reacts to a change in pH?

Answer 6

The kidneys

Question 7

What is a key thing to remember about the kidneys reacting to pH change?

Answer 7

They react slower but they are more efficient

Question 8

How do lungs increase CO2 in blood?

Answer 8

Through HYPOventilation

Question 9

How do lungs decrease CO2 in blood?

Answer 9

Through HYPERventilation

Question 10

If the pH is low how do the kidneys increase the pH?

Answer 10

By excreting H+

Question 11

Of the pH is too high how do the kidneys decrease the pH?

Answer 11

By retaining H+

Question 12

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 12

CO2 greater than 45 mmHg
pH less than 7.35
Not exhaling enough CO2 (hypoventilation)

Question 13

Clinical Manifestation of Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 13

Cyanosis
Shallow/Labored breathing
Disorientation

Question 14

Examples of Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 14

Drug overdose
COPD
Suffocation
Respiratory muscle weakness

Question 15

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 15

CO2 less than 35 mmHg
pH more than 7.45
Exhaling too much CO2 (hyperventilation)

Question 16

Clinical Manifestation of Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 16

Lightheaded
Altered consciousness
Muscle spasms
Paresthesias (tingling sensation)

Question 17

Examples of Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 17

Early Asthma
Anxiety
Early Pneumonia

Question 18

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 18

pH less that 7.35
Bicarb less than 22
Retaining too much H+ or Excreting too much Bicarb

Question 19

Metabolic Acidosis can occur with ____ ____

Answer 19

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 20

Clinical manifestation of Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 20

Kussmaul’s respirations
Coma
Hypotension > Kidneys make vessels dilate

Question 21

Examples of Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 21

Diabetic ketoacidosis (Most common with Type I)
Lactic acidosis
Diarrhea or Vomiting (Loss of too much Bicarb)

Question 22

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 22

pH more than 7.45
Bicarb more than 26
Excreting too much H+ or Retain too much Bicarb

Question 23

Clinical manifestation of Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 23

Muscle weakness
Paresthesias
Light headed

Question 24

Examples of Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 24

Vomiting (Loss of gastric acids HCl)

Excess Bicarb ingestion

Question 25

CO2 is regulated by?

Answer 25

Lungs

Question 26

Bicarb is regulated by?

Answer 26

Kidneys

Question 27

A pH less than 7.4 is __

Answer 27

Acidotic

Question 28

A pH more than 7.4 is ___

Answer 28

Alkalotic

Question 29

pH: 7.5 CO2: 30

Answer 29

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 30

pH: 7.3 CO2: 55

Answer 30

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 31

pH: 7.3 CO2: 35

Answer 31

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 32

pH: 7.5, CO2: 45

Answer 32

Metabolic Alkalosis