Thermodynamics

Question 1

2 forms of energy

Answer 1

kinetic
potential

Question 2

kinetic energy

Answer 2

ball rolling down a hill, requires no energy

Question 3

potential energy

Answer 3

ball at the top of the hill
isnt doing anything but could be

Question 4

1st law of thermodynamics (4)

Answer 4

-Heat is work and work is heat
-One form of energy is converted into another
-Energy is neither created or destroyed
-Not reversable

Question 5

2nd law of thermodynamics (3)

Answer 5

-Action of the cells vibrating in a canned jar that has been sitting in the basement for 50 years it loses its nutrition.
-Systems move from a state of order to disorder
-can’t use heat from the Earth to reheat the sun

Question 6

entropy

Answer 6

measure of the amount of disorder

Question 7

equilibrium constant

Answer 7

Large starch molecules breaking down into smaller sugar molecules

Question 8

2 types of metabolic pathways

Answer 8

exergonic
endergonic

Question 9

exergonic pathway (3)

Answer 9

-Products have less free energy then the reactants
-Goes from big molecules to small molecules and creates energy (delta G= negative)
-keq> 1

Question 10

endergonic pathway (3)

Answer 10

-Products contain more free energy than the reactants
-Goes from small molecules to big molecules and uses energy
-keq<1

Question 11

low keq means

Answer 11

you need to add something to make it move such as energy

Question 12

high keq means

Answer 12

reaction has gone past completion

Question 13

macrocosm

Answer 13

how energy is transfered around

Question 14

microcosm

Answer 14

how energy flows through an individual cell or organism

Question 15

autotroph

Answer 15

can make all of the molecules it needs from water, energy(sun) , and inorganic ions

Question 16

heterotroph

Answer 16

Can’t do that have to get big molecules from other things

Question 17

principle of energy flow

Answer 17

from a state of order to a state of disorder

Question 18

3 types of work of the cell

Answer 18

chemical
mechanial
osmotic

Question 19

chemical work

Answer 19

makes big molecules from small ones

Question 20

mechanical work (3)

Answer 20

a.) contraction (muscles)
b.) Contraction to cause separation of chromosomes during cell division
c.) flagella and cilia for locomotion

Question 21

osmotic work (5)

Answer 21

(active transport)
-transport against a concentration gradient
-requires energy
-excretion of materials
-take up required materials