Thermodynamics Flashcards
2 forms of energy
kinetic
potential
kinetic energy
ball rolling down a hill, requires no energy
potential energy
ball at the top of the hill
isnt doing anything but could be
1st law of thermodynamics (4)
-Heat is work and work is heat
-One form of energy is converted into another
-Energy is neither created or destroyed
-Not reversable
2nd law of thermodynamics (3)
-Action of the cells vibrating in a canned jar that has been sitting in the basement for 50 years it loses its nutrition.
-Systems move from a state of order to disorder
-can’t use heat from the Earth to reheat the sun
entropy
measure of the amount of disorder
equilibrium constant
Large starch molecules breaking down into smaller sugar molecules
2 types of metabolic pathways
exergonic
endergonic
exergonic pathway (3)
-Products have less free energy then the reactants
-Goes from big molecules to small molecules and creates energy (delta G= negative)
-keq> 1
endergonic pathway (3)
-Products contain more free energy than the reactants
-Goes from small molecules to big molecules and uses energy
-keq<1
low keq means
you need to add something to make it move such as energy
high keq means
reaction has gone past completion
macrocosm
how energy is transfered around
microcosm
how energy flows through an individual cell or organism
autotroph
can make all of the molecules it needs from water, energy(sun) , and inorganic ions
heterotroph
Can’t do that have to get big molecules from other things
principle of energy flow
from a state of order to a state of disorder
3 types of work of the cell
chemical
mechanial
osmotic
chemical work
makes big molecules from small ones
mechanical work (3)
a.) contraction (muscles)
b.) Contraction to cause separation of chromosomes during cell division
c.) flagella and cilia for locomotion
osmotic work (5)
(active transport)
-transport against a concentration gradient
-requires energy
-excretion of materials
-take up required materials
