Cell cycle and Mitosis

Question 1

What controls the cell cycle

Answer 1

cyclin

Question 2

reasons for mitosis

Answer 2

growth
repair
asexual reproduction

Question 3

sections of interphase

Answer 3

G1
G1 checkpoint
S Phase
G2
G2 checkpoint

Question 4

G1

Answer 4

Gap 1
cell does what it’s supposed to

Question 5

S Phase

Answer 5

DNA synthesis
chromosomes copy but stay together

Question 6

G2

Answer 6

Gap 2
Cell does normal functions
continues to grow

Question 7

Kinetochore

Answer 7

where spindles attach during cell division

Question 8

stages of mitosis

Answer 8

prophase
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 9

Prophase

Answer 9

Chromatin/chromosomes condense

Question 10

Prometaphase

Answer 10

membrane dissolves
microtubules invade
microtubules attach to kinetochore

Question 11

Metaphase

Answer 11

chromosomes align at the metaphase plate

Question 12

anaphase (2 theories)

Answer 12

chromosomes pull apart

-centrosomes pull apart
-spindles shorten

Question 13

Telophase

Answer 13

Chromosomes are surrounded by nuclear membrane

spindle disassembles

Question 14

What do centrosomes do in mitosis

Answer 14

-made of two centrioles at right angles of each other
-duplicates
-Spindles originate from

Question 15

Cytokinesis in animal cells

Answer 15

furrow develops between two cells
furrow deepens like a drawstring until they separate

Question 16

Cytokinesis in plant cells

Answer 16

-cell wall material comes in vesicles
-the vesicle keep coming and attaching to each other until they create a line
-Once fully fused they become a cell wall the the cells sperate

Question 17

What is telomere

Answer 17

thing on the end of your chromosomes that shortens over every replication until it can’t anymore and it dies

Question 18

What do internal controls do

Answer 18

Create checkpoints

Question 19

What do external controls do

Answer 19

Peptide is a short protein (30 amino acids long)

Question 20

Cellular senescence

Answer 20

Loss of proliferating over time (getting old)

Question 21

What is responsible for cellular senescence

Answer 21

DNA damage (smoking)

Telomere shortening

Question 22

What happens during cancer

Answer 22

-Cell division is lost
-Cells divide uncontrollably
-Masses of cells grow so large they interfere with body functions

Question 23

Metastasis

Answer 23

Clumps of the original cell breaking off and spreading to the other parts of the body

Question 24

How many chromatids does a cell 2n=4 have during G2 in the cell cycle

Answer 24

8

Question 25

The stage of Mitosis that takes the longest to complete

Answer 25

prophase

Question 26

cell plate formation occurs

Answer 26

in plant cells

Question 27

Cells in the G0 stage of the cell cycle

Answer 27

are in a state of cell division arrest

Question 28

Do lysosomes break down in the nuclear membrane

Answer 28

No

Question 29

after telophase 1 daughter cells are

Answer 29

haploid

Question 30

what mitotic phase takes the longest to complete

Answer 30

prophase 1

Question 31

in human development which phase of meiosis do the eggs in a female fetus suspend development until puberty

Answer 31

prophase 1

Question 32

3 things of chiasmata formation

Answer 32

-always between homologous chromosomes
-lead to genetic variation in resulting offspring
-occurs during metaphase 1