Biocatalysis

Question 1

3 things enzymes are

Answer 1

-cells machinery
-made of proteins
- catalysts

Question 2

what does it mean when I say enzymes are catalyists

Answer 2

they start and end the same but change int he middle

Question 3

If it ends in ase its most likely

Answer 3

an enzyme

Question 4

3 types of structures

Answer 4

secondary
tertiary (how proteins fold)
quaternary (puts units together)

Question 5

examples of where coenzymes are added

Answer 5

Vitamin B1 and B2

Question 6

what do coenzymes do

Answer 6

carry substances to and from the enzyme catalyst reactions

Question 7

catalase

Answer 7

catalyzes decomp and hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Question 8

carbonic anhydrase

Answer 8

found in red blood cells and catalyzes carbon dioxide and water into H2CO3

Question 9

The active site of the enzyme always attaches to

Answer 9

what is catalyzing

Question 10

transition state (3)

Answer 10

-During catalysis, the substrate and active site form an intermediate transition state
-Catalytic mechanisms introduce transition state
-bringing substrates into close proximity

Question 11

low substrate concentrations (2)

Answer 11

reaction rate is low
enzyme and substrates collide infrequently

Question 12

high substrate concentrations (2)

Answer 12

reaction levels off
enzymes become saturated with reactants

Question 13

reaction summary

Answer 13

Substrate+enzyme = substrate:enzyme = product:enzyme = product + enzyme

Question 14

optimum temp for humans

Answer 14

37

Question 15

what does it mean to have a fever

Answer 15

your enzymes are working over their 37 degree natural point

Question 16

How does changes in pH effect enzymes

Answer 16

alter the ionization of charged amino acids that may play a crucial role in substrate binding and/or catalytic action

Question 17

competitive inhibition

Answer 17

reversable and irreversible
binds, or binds and lets go

Question 18

non competitive inhibition

Answer 18

reversable and irreversible
doesn’t bind
alters the shape so nothing can bind

Question 19

allosterism (2)

Answer 19

Means change in shape

Regulator or effector molecules bind to the control site and change the structure of the enzyme and enhance substrate catalysis

Question 20

high affinity state

Answer 20

(active form) enzyme binds substrate strong

Question 21

low affinity state

Answer 21

inactive form) enzyme binds substrate weak or not at all

Question 22

feedback inhibition (2)

Answer 22

-Product of enzyme-catalyzed pathway acts as a regulator of the reaction
-Helps conserve cellular resources

Question 23

zymogens

Answer 23

-Inactive enzyme pre-cursor. A zymogen requires a biochemical change, such as a hydrolysis reaction revealing the active site, for it to become an active enzyme.