Biocatalysis Flashcards
3 things enzymes are
-cells machinery
-made of proteins
- catalysts
what does it mean when I say enzymes are catalyists
they start and end the same but change int he middle
If it ends in ase its most likely
an enzyme
3 types of structures
secondary
tertiary (how proteins fold)
quaternary (puts units together)
examples of where coenzymes are added
Vitamin B1 and B2
what do coenzymes do
carry substances to and from the enzyme catalyst reactions
catalase
catalyzes decomp and hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
carbonic anhydrase
found in red blood cells and catalyzes carbon dioxide and water into H2CO3
The active site of the enzyme always attaches to
what is catalyzing
transition state (3)
-During catalysis, the substrate and active site form an intermediate transition state
-Catalytic mechanisms introduce transition state
-bringing substrates into close proximity
low substrate concentrations (2)
reaction rate is low
enzyme and substrates collide infrequently
high substrate concentrations (2)
reaction levels off
enzymes become saturated with reactants
reaction summary
Substrate+enzyme = substrate:enzyme = product:enzyme = product + enzyme
optimum temp for humans
37
what does it mean to have a fever
your enzymes are working over their 37 degree natural point
How does changes in pH effect enzymes
alter the ionization of charged amino acids that may play a crucial role in substrate binding and/or catalytic action
competitive inhibition
reversable and irreversible
binds, or binds and lets go
non competitive inhibition
reversable and irreversible
doesn’t bind
alters the shape so nothing can bind
allosterism (2)
Means change in shape
Regulator or effector molecules bind to the control site and change the structure of the enzyme and enhance substrate catalysis
high affinity state
(active form) enzyme binds substrate strong
low affinity state
inactive form) enzyme binds substrate weak or not at all
feedback inhibition (2)
-Product of enzyme-catalyzed pathway acts as a regulator of the reaction
-Helps conserve cellular resources
zymogens
-Inactive enzyme pre-cursor. A zymogen requires a biochemical change, such as a hydrolysis reaction revealing the active site, for it to become an active enzyme.
