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Bio 120 (university) > Plasma Membrane > Flashcards

Plasma Membrane Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

8 Functions of the Plasma Membrane

A

2.) Cell compartmentalization
3.) Decides which cells can pass through and not pass through, which can attach and which can’t attach
4.)Anchour
5.)Produces energy such as ATP
6.)Attacking an organ after a transplant because it can tell it’s not yours
7.)Cell division
8.) Cells stick together

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2
Q

2 types of metabolic pathways

A

Anabolic (form small to big)
Catabolic (from big to small)

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3
Q

Parts of a membrane

A

lipid bilayer
proteins
cholesterol
glycolipids

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4
Q

Amphipathic

A

A molecule has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

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5
Q

What types of groups are always hydrophilic

A

Hydroxyl

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6
Q

What do unsaturated fatty acids look like and example

A

chains that are double-bonded together and kinked

Ex: canola oil that always stays liquid

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7
Q

What is the fluidity of the lipid bilayer influenced by

A

temperature and composition of lipid molecules

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8
Q

What happens when temp drops in a molecule

A

molecules pack tightly together and from a thick membrane gel

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9
Q

Functions of a membrane protein

A

transport things in and out of the cell

send a message to other cells warn them of an attack

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10
Q

Types of membrane proteins

A

integral and peripheral

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11
Q

Integral proteins

A

inside the membrane

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12
Q

Peripheral membrane

A

on the surface
held together with non-covalent bonds
made of polar and non-polar amino acids
mostly in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane

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13
Q

Passive transport

A

no energy
against the concentration gradient
low -> high concentration

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14
Q

Active transport

A

energy required
against concentration gradient
low -> high concentration

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15
Q

4 types of passive transport

A

-simple diffusion
-facilitated diffusion
-osmosis
-turgor pressure

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16
Q

simple diffusion

A

-few things go through the membrane
-aquaporin helps water get across
-wants to be at equilibrium

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17
Q

osmosis

A

-movement across a selectively permeable membrane
-only with water
-water flows to higher concentration on balance out

18
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

-channel (open on both sides)
-Gate (open one end at a time)
-Follows the concentration gradient
-uses proteins

19
Q

Turgor pressure and types

A

-in plant cells
Hypertonic (shrinks, water goes out)
Isotonic (equal, water goes in and out at an equal rate)
Hypotonic (fat, water goes in)

20
Q

5 Types of active transport

A

uniport
symport
antiport
exocytosis
endocytosis

21
Q

uniport

A

1 molecule goes across a membrane

22
Q

symport

A

2 different kinds of molecules go across a membrane in the same direction and time

23
Q

antiport

A

one type of molecule coming out while another type of molecule comes in

24
Q

How many kinds of junction are there for animal and plant cells

A

4 animal
2 plant

25
Q

2 Basic techniques of breaking open a cell and example

A

mechanical/physical (liquid nitrogen, blender)
chemical (osmosis)

26
Q

What is centrifugation

A

spinning a sample so fast that the molecules separate into layers

27
Q

4 Animal cell junctions

A

desmosomes
adherens
gap
tight

28
Q

adherens junctions (3)

A

-made of actin and cadherin
-hold cell membranes together but not close enough that they fuse together
-like paces when tiling a floor

29
Q

desmosomes (5)

A

-like buttons on a sofa
-connections that hold cells together and attach inside the cell
-placed randomly
-space big enough between that water and ions can flow
-Found in skin and intestines

30
Q

Tight junctions (4)

A

-found in trachea
-seal adjacent cells together tightly
-creates a waterproof seal
-like quilting stiches

31
Q

Gap junctions (4)

A

-open and close like an iris diaphragm
-how cells communicate
-connect cells with a protein channel that allows them to communicate and transfer small molecules and ions
-2-4nm space between membranes

32
Q

2 types of plant cell junctions

A

middle lamella
plasmodesmata

33
Q

middle lamella

A

a glue made of a polysaccharide called pectin that glues two cells together

34
Q

plasmodesmata

A

cytoplasm that runs between to plant cells though a hole in the cell wall

35
Q

the fluid mosaic model of membrane shows that

A

membrane components can move within the lipid bilayer

36
Q

passive transport of molecules across a membrane is

A

an energy independent process

37
Q

What can’t pass through the membrane by diffusion

A

ions

37
Q

transmembrane proteins may be single peptides or complexes

A

true

37
Q

chromosomes are composed of

A

chromatin

38
Q

In prophase, chromosomes condense. How many total chromatids are there in humans at this point

A

92

Bio 120 (university) (9 decks)

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