Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 120 (university) > RNA Translation > Flashcards

RNA Translation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 stop codons

A

UAA (U Are Away)
UGA (U Go Away)
UAG (U Are Gone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

redundancy

A

Having different codons that code to the same thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the difference between the coding and template strand

A

All T’s are turned to U’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Anti-Codon on a tRNA base complimentary strand?

A

Changes from AUG —> UAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tRNA (3)

A

-Brings amino acids to ribosome
-Cloverleaf shape
-Contains an anticodon sequence that pairs with codons in mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Wobble Hypothesis

A

The first 2 nucleotides must match between codon and anticodon, but the 3rd had flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aminoacylation

A

Adds amino acids to tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ribosome sites

A

exit
peptidyl
aminoacyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is peptidyl

A

the site where polypeptides bind together on the chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stages of Translation

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Initiation of translation (4)

A

-Ribosomes assembled with mRNA molecules
-tRNA binds to small subunit
-Complex binds to 5’ cap and scans for start codon
-Large subunit binds to complete initiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Elongation of translation (3)

A

-Amino acids are linked to tRNAs and added to polypeptide chain
-The A site matches the next codon
-Peptide bond is cleaved off in the P site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Termination of translation (2)

A

-New polypeptide put on ribosome
-Ribosome separates from mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Polysomes

A

Multiple ribosomes simultaneously translating a single mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

points of polypeptide processing (5)

A

-Processing reactions convert polypeptides into finished form
-Removal of one or more amino acids from protein chains
-Addition of organic groups
-Folding guided by chaperones
-Alternative pathways to different mature polypeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sorting signals and where

A

how proteins are distributed within the cells, signals are coded in DNA and when protein is made

sorted at the rough ER

17
Q

signal peptide

A

beginning of the polypeptide chain

18
Q

signal recognition particle

A

binds to signal peptide

19
Q

SRP receptor

A

bind to protein receptors in ER membrane, and growing polypeptide is pushed into the ER lumen

20
Q

Signal peptidase

A

removes signal sequence

21
Q

peptidase

A

mean enzyme

22
Q

Misfolded proteins what happens, and what diseases it can cause

A

once folded the wrong way, all the same proteins will fold in the same way

can cause Creon disease, Mad Cow, and Alzheimer’s

23
Q

Mutations

A

changes in genetic material
only in DNA

24
Q

nonsense mutation

A

changes a normal codon to a stop codon

25
Q

silent mutation

A

Changes a codon nucleotide to a different one, but it still codes for the same polypeptide

26
Q

frameshift mutation

A

base pairs are inserted or deleted

27
Q

Sickle-cell disease

A

mRNA strand changes from GAG to GUG which changes the polypeptide from glutamine to valine

28
Q

promotor mutation

A

Could increase or decrease rate of transcription

29
Q

Transcriptional response element mutation

A

Alter regulation of transcription

30
Q

Splice junction mutation

A

Alter ability of pre-mRNA to be spliced properly

31
Q

germ-line mutation

A

Happens to the whole body and carries onto half the next generation of gametes

32
Q

Somatic mutation

A

Happens to part of the embryo like the head and then it will only happen to the head of the person and not be passed on
EX: birthmark

33
Q

Direct repair

A

Repair enzyme recognizes an incorrect structure in the DNA and directly converts back to the correct structure

34
Q

Base excision and nucleotide excision repair

A

Abnormal base is recognized and removed. The complimentary DNA strand is used as a template to synthesize a normal DNA strand

35
Q

Methyl-directed mismatch repair

A

A base pair match is in the wrong spot and once recognized a section is removed and replaced

36
Q

missense mutation

A

Same as a silent mutation where one codon is switched with another one, but it codes for a different polypeptide

Bio 120 (university) (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions