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Bio 120 (university) > DNA Dependent RNA Transcription > Flashcards

DNA Dependent RNA Transcription Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Central Dogma in Simplest Form and when does it happen

A

Transcription Translation
DNA ——————> RNA —————-> Protein

    Replication DNA--------------> DNA

-Happens during G1 and G2 stages

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2
Q

3 relationships between DNA, RNA, and Proteins

A

-Genes specify proteins or RNA products
-Pathway from gene to polypeptide involves transcription and translation
-Genetic code is written in three-letter words using a four letter alphabet (GCAT for DNA, GCAU for RNA)

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3
Q

Garrod experiment and when (4)

A

-1896
-studied Alkaptonuria
-causes developmental delay
-inborn error of metabolism

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4
Q

Beadle and Tatum what was studied and when

A

-1940
-Bread mold
-Suggested a gene produced a polypeptide
-x-rays produced a auxotroph
-Mutant had defective gene for enzyme needed to synthesize a particular nutrient

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5
Q

3 parts of a gene

A

promotor
transcription unit
terminator

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6
Q

promotor

A

-initiates transcription
-starts the sequence
-Like the signs going into a town telling you what’s coming

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7
Q

Transcription Unit

A

portion of gene that is copied into RNA

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8
Q

Terminator

A

Signals the end of transcription of a gene

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9
Q

Why is RNA created instead of DNA (4)

A

-Keeps DNA pristine and inside the Nucleus
-can be amplified
-regulation
-when you cut yourself RNA can copy itself quickly to help clot blood

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10
Q

mRNA

A

messenger

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11
Q

tRNA

A

transfer

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12
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal

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13
Q

snRNA

A

small nuclear

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14
Q

miRNA

A

miniature

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15
Q

what is and why is it called the TATA box

A

promotor sequence that is made of lots of TA pairs

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16
Q

Transcription (3)

A

-polymerase works the same but RNA doesn’t require a primer
-Certain sequence of nucleotides says where to start and stop
-Before initiation transcription facotrs bind to the TATA box

17
Q

stages of transcription

A

initiation
elongation
termination

18
Q

Initiation of transcription

A

RNA polymerase binds to DNA and the double helix begins to unwind

19
Q

Elongation of transcription

A

RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides in the same order as the DNA template

20
Q

Termination of transcription

A

Enzyme and completed RNA release from the DNA template

21
Q

What to prokaryotes have to do to start transcribing mRNA

A

have the coding region flanked by 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions

22
Q

What to Eukaryotes have to do to start transcribing mRNA

A

-have the coding region flanked by 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions
-and add additional noncoding elements

23
Q

Structure of mRNA

A
24
Q

precursor mRNA

A

must be processed in nucleus to produce translatable mRNA

25
Q

5’ cap

A

-where ribosomes attach to mRNA
-have a hook shape

26
Q

Poly(A) tail

A

50-250 A nucleotides added tot eh 3’ end
-Protects mRNA from RNA digesting enzymes

27
Q

What does every protein start with

A

AUG

28
Q

Introns

A

-Non-protein-coding sequences in the pre-mRNA
-Removed before translation
-Alternative Splicing so different versions of mRNA can be produced
-Exon shuffling which generates new proteins

29
Q

Exons

A

-Amino acid coding sequences in pre-mRNA
-Joined together in final mRNA

30
Q

What do snRNPs do (4)

A

binds to introns
loop introns out of pre-mRNA
clip out introns
join exons

31
Q

Alternative splicing

A

-Exons joined together to produce different mRNAs from the same gene
-Causes them to have different functions

32
Q

What does translational initiation do

A

brings the ribosomal subunits, an mRNA, and the first aminoacyl-tRNA together

33
Q

Where is mRNA translated into Protein (6)

A

-cytosol
-Ribosomes
-tRNAs
-Amino acids
-Translations factors
-ER

34
Q

In DNA replication Helicase is an enzyme that

A

Separates 2 strands of DNA

35
Q

Which is NOT true of DNA polymerase III

It synthesizes from 3’ to 5’
It synthesizes from 5’ to 3’

A

Synthesized DNA from 3’ to 5’

36
Q

The Hershey and Chase experiment demonstrated that

A

DNA was the genetic material

37
Q

Which of these is NOT true of DNA

A

DNA is always found tightly coiled in the nucelus

38
Q

In eukaryotic cells each chromosome has a single point of origin of replication

A

False

Bio 120 (university) (9 decks)

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