therapy and treatment (16)

Question 1

past approaches

Answer 1

-exorcism
-trephining
-imprisonment
-execution

Question 2

trephining

Answer 2

creating a hole in the skull to release spirits from the body

Question 3

asylums

Answer 3

the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders

Question 4

focus of asylums

Answer 4

Focus was ostracizing them from society rather than treatment

Question 5

Phillipe Pinel

Answer 5

-French physician who argued for more humane treatment of the mentally ill
-Suggested individuals be unchained and talked to

Question 6

Dorethea Dix

Answer 6

-Led reform efforts and fought for mental health care in the 19th century U.S.
-Discovered an underfunded and unregulated system that perpetuated abuse of the mentally ill

Question 7

Deinstitutionalization (1960’s)

Answer 7

the closing of large asylums and allowing individuals to stay in their communities and be treated locally

Question 8

modern mental health conditions

Answer 8

Asylums have since been replaced with psychiatric hospitals and local community hospitals focused on short-term care

Question 9

Psychotherapy

Answer 9

psychological treatment that uses various methods to help someone overcome personal problems, or to attain personal growth; “talk therapy”

Question 10

Biomedical Therapy

Answer 10

involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders

Question 11

Psychotherapy*

Answer 11

talking with a psychological professional

Question 12

Insight Therapy

Answer 12

aimed at understanding one’s motives, feelings, and behaviors through the unconscious

Question 13

Action therapies

Answer 13

change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly

Question 14

psychoanalysis therapy* (insight)

Answer 14

Sigmund Freud
-uncover repressed feelings and resolve conflicts from unconscious and childhood

Question 15

free association

Answer 15

patient relaxes and then says whatever comes to mind in the moment

Question 16

dream interpretation

Answer 16

therapist analyzes content of dreams and their underlying meaning

Question 17

transference

Answer 17

patient transfers positive or negative feelings associated with other relationships onto the therapist

Question 18

play therapy* (insight)

Answer 18

therapy, typically with children, where use of toys is analyzed

Question 19

nondirective play therapy

Answer 19

child plays freely while therapist observes

Question 20

directive play therapy

Answer 20

therapist provides structure/guidance by suggesting topics, asking questions, and playing with the child

Question 21

play therapy technique

Answer 21

Toys, such as dolls, stuffed animals, and sandbox figurines are used to help children play out their hopes, fantasies, and traumas

Question 22

sand tray therapy

Answer 22

children can set up a three dimensional world using various figures and objects that correspond to their inner state

Question 23

Behavior therapy*

Answer 23

Principles of learning are applied to change undesirable behaviors
Can improve behavioral disorders

Question 24

Aversive Conditioning Example

Answer 24

Undesirable Behavior: drinking alcohol
Unpleasant Stimulus: nausea
So pair alcohol with substance that causes vomiting and person will stop

Question 25

Exposure Therapy*

Answer 25

seeks to change the response to a conditioned stimulus from anxious responses to calm responses

Question 26

Systematic Desensitization*

Answer 26

a calm and pleasant state is gradually associated with increasing levels of anxiety-inducing stimuli
Situation or object that causes fear is paired with a coping strategy (cannot be nervous and relaxed at the same time)

Question 27

Cognitive Therapy

Answer 27

focuses in how thoughts lead to feelings of distress

Question 28

Cognitive distortion

Answer 28

thinking error; negative and unrealistic thought

Question 29

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)*

Answer 29

works to change cognitive distortions and self-defating behaviors

Question 30

Successes of CBT*

Answer 30

Treats depression, PTSD, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, bipolar disorder and substance abuse

Question 31

Humanistic Therapy

Answer 31

helps people achieve their potential

Question 32

client-centered therapy*

Answer 32

Carl Rogers
The client takes control of their own life to identify conflicts and understand feelings (nondirective)

Question 33

Nondirective Therapy* (CCT)

Answer 33

-client does the talking
-therapist does not give advice or their interpretations
-Therapist helps client identify conflicts and feelings

Question 34

CCT Techniques

Answer 34

Active listening
unconditional positive regard
genuineness, empathy, and acceptance towards clients

Question 35

active listening (CCT)

Answer 35

therapist acknowledges, restates, and clarifies what the client expresses (reflects or simply repeats what is heard)

Question 36

unconditional positive regard (CCT)

Answer 36

therapist does not judge clients and simply accepts and appreciates them for who they are

Question 37

Genuineness, empathy, and acceptance towards clients (CCT)

Answer 37

helps the client become more accepting of themselves, which results in personal growth

Question 38

Aversive Conditioning*

Answer 38

an unpleasant stimulus is paired with an undesirable behavior Effective for treating addiction (smoking, alcoholism)

Question 39

Biomedical Approaches*

Answer 39

Psychopharmacology

Question 40

Psychopharmacology

Answer 40

using drugs to treat psychological disorders

Question 41

Psychotropic medications

Answer 41

medication used to treat psychological disorders

Question 42

Antidepressants (selective seretonin reuptake)**

Answer 42

increase amount/availability of serotonin in the brain

Question 43

anti-anxiety agents*

Answer 43

depress central nervous system activation

Question 44

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 44

use of electrical current in the brain to induce seizures
helps alleviate symptoms of severe depression