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psychology 2000 > conciseness (4) > Flashcards

conciseness (4) Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

our awareness of internal & external stimuli

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2
Q

Internal Stimuli

A

pain, hunger, thirst, being aware of our thoughts and emotions

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3
Q

External Stimuli

A

seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, hearing the voice of a friend

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4
Q

Wakefulness

A

high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior; being alert

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5
Q

Sleep

A

low level state of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness (distinct periods of rest that occur during wakefulness)

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6
Q

Altered State of Consciousness

A

state in which there is a shift of the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to wakefulness (daydreaming, amnesia, medication, intoxication)

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7
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours

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8
Q

Sleep-wake cycle

A

one of the main circadian rhythms. Linked to our environment’s natural light dark cycle

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9
Q

Hypothalamus

A

homeostasis center (LSU Memorial Tower helps show what time of day it is)

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10
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

A

the brain’s clock mechanism (Bell tower clock)
Enables our internal clock to be synched with the outside world

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11
Q

Pineal Gland

A

releases melatonin (sleep) and maintains various biological rhythms (Person who rings the bell)

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12
Q

Melatonin

A

hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycle (ringing of the LSU Bell)
Stimulates by darkness (sleepy)
Inhibited by light (wakeful)

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13
Q

Sleep

A

Low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness

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14
Q

Sleep Regulation

A

The switching between sleep and wakefulness & coordinating this cycle the outside world (disrupted by jet lag, sleep disorders (insomnia))

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15
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

Insufficient Sleep

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16
Q

Sleep Debt

A

Chronic insufficient sleep

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17
Q

Sleep Rebound

A

Tendency to fall asleep faster during subsequent opportunities for sleep (sleep debt)

makes up for lost sleep

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18
Q

How much sleep do we need?

A

-depends on life stage
-adults: 7-9 average

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19
Q

Adaptive Perspective Theory

A

Function of Sleep: Essential to restore resources expended during the day
Explains when we sleep (avoid predators in the darkness)

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20
Q

Restorative Perspective (cognitive)

A

Physical Health restoration (replenishes chemicals, repairs cellular damage)
Mental Health Functioning (attention, decision-making, memory, emotions)
Explains why we sleep

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21
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG):

A

Brain waves are studied by placing electrodes on the scalp
When neurons fire, they produce electrical activity (brainwaves)
Researchers can record electrical activity in response to certain stimuli or during different states of consciousness
Brainwave activity (measured with EEG) changes dramatically across the different stages of sleep

22
Q

Rapid-Eye movement (REM) Sleep

A

Eyes move rapidly under the eyelids
Brain waves appear similar to those during wakefulness
Dreaming

22
Q

Non Rapid-Eye movement (NREM) Sleep

A

distinguished by brain wave activity

23
Q

NREM Transitional Stage

A

Occurring between wakefulness and sleep
-Rates of respiration and heartbeat slow down
-Muscle tension decreases (relaxation)
-Core body temperature decrease (body cools off)
-“Light Sleep” (mostly alpha waves, easy to wake someone up)

24
Q

NREM Deep Relaxation Phase

A

Theta waves
-Sleep Spindles (rapid bursts of high frequency within the brainwaves)
-k-complexes (high amplitudes of brain activity)

25
Q

NREM 3: Slow-wave Sleep Pulse

A

-Respiration and heart rate slow down further
-“Deep Sleep” (delta waves, difficult to wake someone up)

26
Q

Dreams

A

Emotion regulation, crates new synapses in the brain (learning and memory)
-6 years of our lives are spent dreaming
-real-life worries, hopes, desires, known people and places

27
Q

Wish Fulfillment Theory

A

Freud
Dreams preserve our sanity by allowing us to gratify forbidden or unrealistic wishes
Dream content may be so threatening or disgusting that it was disguised in dreams

28
Q

Manifest Content

A

dream content

29
Q

latent content

A

dreams true meaning

30
Q

Information Process Theory

A

Rosalind Carter
dreams reflect life events that are important to us

31
Q

Activation Synthesis Hypothesis

A

Dreams are created because neuron waves are sent from the brain and then the cerebral cortex tries to make sense of it in pons

32
Q

Insomnia

A

difficulty falling or staying asleep

33
Q

sleep apnea

A

multiple bursts of not breathing

34
Q

narcolepsy

A

sudden slip into REM sleep

35
Q

night terrors

A

common in children; rare in adults
-extreme panic, fear, and screaming

36
Q

REM behavior disorder

A

mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails
-results in kicking punching yelling while dreaming

37
Q

sleepwalking

A

eyes open, but still asleep

38
Q

Substance Use Disorder

A

pattern of drug use despite negative consequences

39
Q

physical dependence

A

need to take a drug to avoid changes in normal bodily functions and withdrawal symptoms

40
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

emotional need for a drug; thoughts about getting/using a drug

41
Q

Tolerance

A

Someone requires more and more of a certain drug to fell the effects

42
Q

Withdrawl

A

symptoms when drug use is stopped

43
Q

Stimulants

A

-increase neural activity
-reward and pleasure (highly addictive)
-caffeine, nicotine, cocaine

44
Q

Depressants

A

-suppress the CNS activity
-quiet the brain
-alchohol, anti-anxiety meds

45
Q

Opioids

A

-decrease pain
-highly addictive
-herion, morphine, fentanyl

46
Q

hallucinogens

A

-changes in experiences
-hallucinations
-LSD, ketamine, cannabis

47
Q

Hypnosis

A

extreme focus and attention where little attention is given to the external stimuli
-pain management, anxiety, depression
-in control of behaviors
-“stage of suggestibility”

48
Q

Disassociation Theory

A

one stream of mental activity occurs without awareness or control (somehow drive home without remembering)

49
Q

Social-Cognitive Theory

A

-people playing the role that is expected of them
-fulfilling social expectations

50
Q

Meditation

A

-increasers awareness and mindfulness
-relaxed state
-stress management, sleep, mood & anxiety disorders, pain management

psychology 2000 (12 decks)

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