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psychology 2000 > biopsychology (3) > Flashcards

biopsychology (3) Flashcards

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1
Q

cells in the nervous system

A

1.) neurons
2.) glial cells

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2
Q

Neurons

A

central building blocks of the nervous system, send and receive messages

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3
Q

Glial Cells

A

provide structure for the nervous system, transport nutrients and waste products, immune response

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4
Q

Soma

A

the cell body of the neuron responsible for maintaining the life of the cell

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains genetic material (DNA), which is basic information to manufacture all the proteins characteristic of that cell

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6
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive messages from the other neurons. Electrical signals between neurons are then sent to an extension of the soma

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7
Q

Axon

A

Carries the neural message from the cell body to the axon terminals for communication with other cells

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8
Q

Axon Terminals

A

Ends of axonal branches of the neuron, specialized for communication between cells

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9
Q

Terminal Buttons

A

Contain synaptic vesicles, which store neurotransmitters

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10
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Fatty substances that coats the axons of neuron to insulate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse

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11
Q

Neurons communicate through

A

nerve impulses

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12
Q

Neurotramsitters

A

Chemical messengers found in the synaptic vesicles that, when released, have an effect on the next cell

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13
Q

Synapse

A

The synapse is the space between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. The synapse always needs to be clear in order to regulate the production of neurotransmitters

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14
Q

Reuptake

A

Process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles. Involves the neurotransmitter being pumped back into the neuron that released it, in order to clear the synapse

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15
Q

Resting Potential

A

The state of readiness, when the neuron is not firing a neural impulse. Neuron is not firing Na+ moving into the cell

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16
Q

Action Potential

A

the release of the neural impulse (electrical signal moving down the neuron’s axon). Electrical signal get sent down to neurons axon

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17
Q

Threshold of Excitiation

A

level of charge in the membrane that causes the neuron to become active. Maximum level of Na+ or ion level reached, starters neural electrical reaction

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18
Q

Agonists

A

Mimic or Enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter

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19
Q

Antagonists

A

Block or Reduce the effects of a neurotransmitter

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20
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

relays sensory and motor information to and from the CNS

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21
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Nerves that control all the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands

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22
Q

Sympathetic

A

fight or flight, reactions to stressful events

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23
Q

Parasympathetic

A

day-to-day functioning, rest and digest

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24
Q

Spinal Cord

A

delivers messages, automatic reflexes

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25
Q

Brain

A

comprised of nerves and glia, bi-lateral, all areas interact

26
Q

Sulci

A

Grooves on the brain

26
Q

Lateralization

A

Concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions.
Left hemisphere controls the right side of the body.
Right hemisphere controls the left side of the body.

27
Q

Gyri

A

Bumps on the brain

28
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

connects left and right side of the brain

29
Q

Parts of the brain

A

Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain

30
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

The lobes of the brain,
1.) parietal
2.) occipital
3.) frontal
4.) temporal

31
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Hearing, memory, emotion, and language

31
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

processing sensory information (touch, temperature, and pain)

32
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

in temporal lobe (speech comprehension)

33
Q

Auditory Complex

A

In temporal lobe (responsible for auditory information)

34
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual processing, vision

35
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Planning, organizing, judgement, and reasoning.

36
Q

Motor Cortex

A

plans and coordinates movement

37
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

cognitive functioning

38
Q

Broca’s Area

A

language production

39
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

Damage to Broca’s area leads to difficulties producing language
Speaking impairment
Difficulty getting words out

40
Q

Thalamus

A

relay center of the brain

41
Q

Limbic System

A

emotional responses

42
Q

Amygdala

A

emotional meaning to memory ex.) smell reminds of christmas or a fond/terrible memory

43
Q

Hippocampus

A

learning and memory

44
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates blood pressure, body temperature, and appetite

45
Q

Hindbrain

A

Pons: connects brain to spinal cord
Medulla: controls breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate
Cerebellum: balance, coordination, and motor skills

46
Q

Midbrain

A

Reticular formation: important in regulating the sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alertness, and motor activity
Substantia nigra & Ventral tegmental area (VTA): movement, mood, reward, and addiction control

sensory and motor control, hearing and vision

47
Q

Forebrain

A

Cerebral cortex: surface of the brain that is associated with our highest mental capabilities such as consciousness, thought, emotion, reasoning, language, and memory

Broken into 4 lobes

48
Q

Radiation Imaging

A

CT scan, PET scan

49
Q

Magnetic Scans

A

MRI, fMRI

50
Q

Electrical Scans

A

EEG

51
Q

CT Scan

A

brain x-rays, shows brain tumors

52
Q

PET Scan

A

radiation injected into blood stream, shows brain activity

53
Q

MRI

A

pictures of tissue (brain structure)

54
Q

fMRI

A

brain activity, blood oxygen levels

55
Q

EEG

A

studies brain waves

56
Q

Acetylcholine

A

learning, memory, muscle movement, associated with Alzheimer’s

57
Q

Serotonin

A

mood, hunger, sleep/arousal, depression

58
Q

Dopamine

A

Important for movement and frontal lobe activity;
schizophrenia (high), Parkinson’s disease (low)

psychology 2000 (4 decks)

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