biopsychology (3)

Question 1

cells in the nervous system

Answer 1

1.) neurons
2.) glial cells

Question 2

Neurons

Answer 2

central building blocks of the nervous system, send and receive messages

Question 3

Glial Cells

Answer 3

provide structure for the nervous system, transport nutrients and waste products, immune response

Question 4

Soma

Answer 4

the cell body of the neuron responsible for maintaining the life of the cell

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Contains genetic material (DNA), which is basic information to manufacture all the proteins characteristic of that cell

Question 6

Dendrites

Answer 6

Receive messages from the other neurons. Electrical signals between neurons are then sent to an extension of the soma

Question 7

Axon

Answer 7

Carries the neural message from the cell body to the axon terminals for communication with other cells

Question 8

Axon Terminals

Answer 8

Ends of axonal branches of the neuron, specialized for communication between cells

Question 9

Terminal Buttons

Answer 9

Contain synaptic vesicles, which store neurotransmitters

Question 10

Myelin Sheath

Answer 10

Fatty substances that coats the axons of neuron to insulate, protect, and speed up the neural impulse

Question 11

Neurons communicate through

Answer 11

nerve impulses

Question 12

Neurotramsitters

Answer 12

Chemical messengers found in the synaptic vesicles that, when released, have an effect on the next cell

Question 13

Synapse

Answer 13

The synapse is the space between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron. The synapse always needs to be clear in order to regulate the production of neurotransmitters

Question 14

Reuptake

Answer 14

Process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles. Involves the neurotransmitter being pumped back into the neuron that released it, in order to clear the synapse

Question 15

Resting Potential

Answer 15

The state of readiness, when the neuron is not firing a neural impulse. Neuron is not firing Na+ moving into the cell

Question 16

Action Potential

Answer 16

the release of the neural impulse (electrical signal moving down the neuron’s axon). Electrical signal get sent down to neurons axon

Question 17

Threshold of Excitiation

Answer 17

level of charge in the membrane that causes the neuron to become active. Maximum level of Na+ or ion level reached, starters neural electrical reaction

Question 18

Agonists

Answer 18

Mimic or Enhance the effects of a neurotransmitter

Question 19

Antagonists

Answer 19

Block or Reduce the effects of a neurotransmitter

Question 20

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 20

relays sensory and motor information to and from the CNS

Question 21

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 21

Nerves that control all the involuntary muscles, organs, and glands

Question 22

Sympathetic

Answer 22

fight or flight, reactions to stressful events

Question 23

Parasympathetic

Answer 23

day-to-day functioning, rest and digest

Question 24

Spinal Cord

Answer 24

delivers messages, automatic reflexes

Question 25

Brain

Answer 25

comprised of nerves and glia, bi-lateral, all areas interact

Question 26

Sulci

Answer 26

Grooves on the brain

Question 26

Lateralization

Answer 26

Concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions. Left hemisphere controls the right side of the body. Right hemisphere controls the left side of the body.

Question 27

Gyri

Answer 27

Bumps on the brain

Question 28

Corpus Callosum

Answer 28

connects left and right side of the brain

Question 29

Parts of the brain

Answer 29

Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain

Question 30

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 30

The lobes of the brain, 1.) parietal 2.) occipital 3.) frontal 4.) temporal

Question 31

Temporal Lobe

Answer 31

Hearing, memory, emotion, and language

Question 31

Parietal Lobe

Answer 31

processing sensory information (touch, temperature, and pain)

Question 32

Wernicke's Area

Answer 32

in temporal lobe (speech comprehension)

Question 33

Auditory Complex

Answer 33

In temporal lobe (responsible for auditory information)

Question 34

Occipital Lobe

Answer 34

Visual processing, vision

Question 35

Frontal Lobe

Answer 35

Planning, organizing, judgement, and reasoning.

Question 36

Motor Cortex

Answer 36

plans and coordinates movement

Question 37

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 37

cognitive functioning

Question 38

Broca's Area

Answer 38

language production

Question 39

Broca's Aphasia

Answer 39

Damage to Broca’s area leads to difficulties producing language Speaking impairment Difficulty getting words out

Question 40

Thalamus

Answer 40

relay center of the brain

Question 41

Limbic System

Answer 41

emotional responses

Question 42

Amygdala

Answer 42

emotional meaning to memory ex.) smell reminds of christmas or a fond/terrible memory

Question 43

Hippocampus

Answer 43

learning and memory

Question 44

Hypothalamus

Answer 44

regulates blood pressure, body temperature, and appetite

Question 45

Hindbrain

Answer 45

Pons: connects brain to spinal cord Medulla: controls breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate Cerebellum: balance, coordination, and motor skills

Question 46

Midbrain

Answer 46

Reticular formation: important in regulating the sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alertness, and motor activity Substantia nigra & Ventral tegmental area (VTA): movement, mood, reward, and addiction control | sensory and motor control, hearing and vision

Question 47

Forebrain

Answer 47

Cerebral cortex: surface of the brain that is associated with our highest mental capabilities such as consciousness, thought, emotion, reasoning, language, and memory Broken into 4 lobes

Question 48

Radiation Imaging

Answer 48

CT scan, PET scan

Question 49

Magnetic Scans

Answer 49

MRI, fMRI

Question 50

Electrical Scans

Answer 50

EEG

Question 51

CT Scan

Answer 51

brain x-rays, shows brain tumors

Question 52

PET Scan

Answer 52

radiation injected into blood stream, shows brain activity

Question 53

MRI

Answer 53

pictures of tissue (brain structure)

Question 54

fMRI

Answer 54

brain activity, blood oxygen levels

Question 55

EEG

Answer 55

studies brain waves

Question 56

Acetylcholine

Answer 56

learning, memory, muscle movement, associated with Alzheimer's

Question 57

Serotonin

Answer 57

mood, hunger, sleep/arousal, depression

Question 58

Dopamine

Answer 58

Important for movement and frontal lobe activity; schizophrenia (high), Parkinson’s disease (low)