psychological disorders (15) Flashcards
1
Q
psychopathology
A
The study of psychological disorders, including symptoms, etiology (causes), and treatment
2
Q
psychological disorder
A
A condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
3
Q
abnormal
A
deviate from the norm
no single definition
4
Q
behavior caused by psychological disorders
A
1.) distress
2.) disrupted functioning in daily life
5
Q
American Psychiatric Association definition of psychological disorders
A
Significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors which…
Reflect biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunction
Lead to significant distress or disability in one’s life
Do not reflect culturally approved responses to certain events
6
Q
DSM-5
A
classification system used by most mental health professionals in the US
Published by the APA in 1952
7
Q
international classification od diseases (ICD-10)
A
published by the world health association
classification and criteria for specific disorders are similar to the DSM but some differences exist
general health of populations
8
Q
ICD
A
used for clinical diagnosis
9
Q
DSM
A
valued for research
10
Q
supernatural perspective
A
possessed by evil spirits
11
Q
biological perspective
A
Genetic, chemical imbalances, brain abnormalities, neurotransmitters, hormones
12
Q
diathesis-stress persepctive
A
Psychological disorders are due to a combination of biological and psychosocial factors
13
Q
anxiety disorder
A
excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, and related disturbances in behavior
14
Q
fear
A
live threat (cobra in front of me)
15
Q
anxiety
A
anticipatory reaction (someone is bringing a cobra)
16
Q
phobias
A
Excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation
17
Q
acrophobia
A
heights
18
Q
aerophobia
A
flying
19
Q
arachnophobia
A
spiders
20
Q
claustrophobia
A
enclosed spaces
21
Q
panic attacks
A
sudden onset of intense panic and reaches a peak within 10 minutes
22
Q
panic attack symptoms
A
1.) choking sensations
2.) hot flashes or chills
3.) dizziness or lightheadedness
4.) fears of losing control or of dying
23
Q
panic disorder
A
repeated and unexpected panic attacks
24
Q
agoraphobia
A
fear and avoidance of situations where panic attacks may occur
25
generalized anxiety disorder
a relatively continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable worry and apprehension
6 months straight
26
symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder
1.) restlessness
2.) difficulty concentrating
3.) fatigue
4.) muscle tension
5.) irritability
6.) sleep difficulties
27
panic disorder concerns
1.) additional panic attacks
2.) worry about the consequences of the attacks
3.) or problematic changes in behaviors related to the attacks
"fear of fear"
28
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
people know their thoughts and urges are irrational and try to suppress or ignore them but have an extremely difficult time doing so
29
Obsessions
intrusive and unwanted thoughts
30
compulsions
urges to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts
31
common compulsions
repetitive hand washing and checking (ex. if a door is locked)
32
eating disorders
1.) anorexia nerviosa
2.) bulimia nervosa
3.) binge-eating disorder
33
anorexia nerviosa
intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image
severe weight loss through starvation or excessive exercise
34
bulimia nervosa
intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image
severe weight loss through binge eating followed by purging of food
35
binge eating disorder
Eating large quantities of food in a brief period followed by severe negative emotions
36
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
exposure to, witness of, or experience the details of a traumatic event that involoves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence
37
PTSD symptoms
at least one month
Intrusive and distressing memories of the event
Flashbacks
Avoidance of stimuli connected to the event
Persistent negative emotional states
Feelings of detachment from others
Irritability
Outbursts
Hyperactivity
38
major depressive disorders
Depressed mood most of the day nearly every day for at least a two-week period, and loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities; episodic
39
symptoms of major depressive disorder
Changes to weight and appetite
Difficulty sleeping or excessive sleep
Psychomotor issues
Fatigue, reduced energy
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Difficulty concentrating or indecisiveness
Suicidal ideation (thoughts of death)
40
depression subtype: specifiers (not specific disorders)
labels to indicate specific patterns of symptoms or periods of time when symptoms are present
41
depression subtype: seasonal pattern
major depression only during a particular time of year
42
depression subtype: peripartum onset (postpartum)
major depression during pregnancy or in the four weeks following the birth
43
depression subtype: persistent depressive disorder
depressed moods most of the day nearly every day for at least two years, as well as at least two of the other symptoms of major depression; chronically sad but do not meet all the criteria for major depression
44
bipolar disorder (manic depression)
Involves mood states that fluctuate between depression and mania
At least one manic episode is required for diagnosis
45
symptoms of bipolar disorder
Hyperactivity
Talkative or flights of ideas
Irritability
Little need for sleep
Low inhibitions
Reckless behavior
46
causes of mood disorders
1.) experiences
2.) cognitive
3.) biological
47
experiences
stressful life events
traumatic experiences especially during childhood
48
cognitive
Negative and maladaptive thought patterns
Hopelessness
Rumination
49
biological
Genetics
Imbalances in serotonin and norepinephrine
Elevated amygdala activity
High cortisol level
50
schizophrenia
Psychotic disorder in which the person’s thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point of not being able to function normally in life
51
psychosis
inability to accurately perceive reality
52
causes of psychosis
genetics, neurotransmitter imbalance, brain anatomy, events during pregnancy, marijuana use
53
symptoms of schizophrenia
1.) Hallucinations
2.) Delusions
3.) Paranoid Delusions
4.) Grandiose Delusions
5.) Somatic Delusions
6.) Disorganized Thinking
7.) Disorganized Motor
8.) Behavior
9.) Catatonic Behaviors
10.) Negative Symptoms
54
hallucinations
Hallucinations: perceptual experience in the absence of stimuli (mostly auditory ex. Hearing voices)
55
delusions
beliefs not in line with reality and despite counter evidence
56
paranoid delusions
Paranoid Delusions: false belief that other people or groups are plotting to harm them
57
grandiose delusions
beliefs that they hold special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important
58
somatic delusions
belief that something highly abnormal is happening to one’s body
59
disorganized thinking
disjointed and incoherent thought processes (rambling, jumping from topic to topic, incomprehensible language)
60
disorganized motor behavior
silliness, repeated movements, odd facial expressions and gestures
61
catatonic behaviors
decreased reactivity to the environment
62
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
noticeable decreases and absences of behaviors, emotions, or drives
63
dissociative disorders
Characterized by an individual becoming an individual becoming split off, or dissociated, from their core sense of self
psychological rather than physical cause
64
dissociative amnesia
partial or total forgetting of an experience or an event (memory loss)
65
dissociative fugue
wander away from home, identity confusions, may adopt a new identity
66
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
recurring episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both
67
depersonalization
feelings of unreality or detachment from, or unfamiliarity with, one's sense of self
68
derealizations
feelings of unreality or detachment from, or unfamiliarity with, the world
69
dissociative identity disorder
more than one distinct personality, memory gaps, between identities
70
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Constant pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior that interferes with normal functioning
71
inattention
Difficulty sustaining attention
Failure to follow instructions
Disorganization
Lack of attention to detail
Easily distracted and forgetful
72
hyperactivity/impulsivity
Excessive movement
Interrupting and intruding on others
Difficulty waiting ones turn
73
autism spectrum disorder
deficits in social interaction and communication. Repetitive pattern of behavior or interests
74
social interaction deficit
do not make eye contact, turn head away when spoken to, prefer playing alone
75
communication deficit
one-word responses, difficulty maintaining conversation, echoed speech, and problems using and understanding nonverbal cues (e.g., facial expressions, gestures)
76
personality
one’s stable, consistent, and distinctive way of thinking about, feeling, acting, and relating to the world.
77
personality disorder symptoms
1.) Exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture
2.) Have a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions
3.) Experience distress or impairment
78
cluster a: odd or eccentric
Paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder
79
cluster b: dramatic, emotional, impulsive, or erratic
Antisocial personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder
80
cluster c: nervous or fearfulness
Avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive compulsive personality disorder
81
borderline personality disorder
Cluster B
Unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, mood, and impulsivity
Fear of abandonment
Intense and unstable relationships
Risky, self-destructive behavior
Intense and uncontrollable anger
82
antisocial personality disorder
Cluster B
Antisocial versus Asocial
Complete lack of regard for other people’s rights or feelings
83
conduct disorder
basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated
84
oppositional defiant disorder
pattern of irritable/angry mood, argumentative/defiant behavior or vindictiveness
