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psychology 2000 > psychological disorders (15) > Flashcards

psychological disorders (15) Flashcards

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1
Q

psychopathology

A

The study of psychological disorders, including symptoms, etiology (causes), and treatment

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2
Q

psychological disorder

A

A condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

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3
Q

abnormal

A

deviate from the norm
no single definition

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4
Q

behavior caused by psychological disorders

A

1.) distress
2.) disrupted functioning in daily life

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5
Q

American Psychiatric Association definition of psychological disorders

A

Significant disturbances in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors which…
Reflect biological, psychological, or developmental dysfunction
Lead to significant distress or disability in one’s life
Do not reflect culturally approved responses to certain events

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6
Q

DSM-5

A

classification system used by most mental health professionals in the US
Published by the APA in 1952

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7
Q

international classification od diseases (ICD-10)

A

published by the world health association
classification and criteria for specific disorders are similar to the DSM but some differences exist
general health of populations

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8
Q

ICD

A

used for clinical diagnosis

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9
Q

DSM

A

valued for research

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10
Q

supernatural perspective

A

possessed by evil spirits

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11
Q

biological perspective

A

Genetic, chemical imbalances, brain abnormalities, neurotransmitters, hormones

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12
Q

diathesis-stress persepctive

A

Psychological disorders are due to a combination of biological and psychosocial factors

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13
Q

anxiety disorder

A

excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, and related disturbances in behavior

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14
Q

fear

A

live threat (cobra in front of me)

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15
Q

anxiety

A

anticipatory reaction (someone is bringing a cobra)

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16
Q

phobias

A

Excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

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17
Q

acrophobia

A

heights

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18
Q

aerophobia

A

flying

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19
Q

arachnophobia

A

spiders

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20
Q

claustrophobia

A

enclosed spaces

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21
Q

panic attacks

A

sudden onset of intense panic and reaches a peak within 10 minutes

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22
Q

panic attack symptoms

A

1.) choking sensations
2.) hot flashes or chills
3.) dizziness or lightheadedness
4.) fears of losing control or of dying

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23
Q

panic disorder

A

repeated and unexpected panic attacks

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24
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear and avoidance of situations where panic attacks may occur

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25
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

a relatively continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable worry and apprehension
6 months straight

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26
Q

symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder

A

1.) restlessness
2.) difficulty concentrating
3.) fatigue
4.) muscle tension
5.) irritability
6.) sleep difficulties

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27
Q

panic disorder concerns

A

1.) additional panic attacks
2.) worry about the consequences of the attacks
3.) or problematic changes in behaviors related to the attacks
“fear of fear”

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28
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

A

people know their thoughts and urges are irrational and try to suppress or ignore them but have an extremely difficult time doing so

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29
Q

Obsessions

A

intrusive and unwanted thoughts

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30
Q

compulsions

A

urges to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts

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31
Q

common compulsions

A

repetitive hand washing and checking (ex. if a door is locked)

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32
Q

eating disorders

A

1.) anorexia nerviosa
2.) bulimia nervosa
3.) binge-eating disorder

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33
Q

anorexia nerviosa

A

intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image
severe weight loss through starvation or excessive exercise

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34
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image
severe weight loss through binge eating followed by purging of food

35
Q

binge eating disorder

A

Eating large quantities of food in a brief period followed by severe negative emotions

36
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

exposure to, witness of, or experience the details of a traumatic event that involoves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence

37
Q

PTSD symptoms

A

at least one month
Intrusive and distressing memories of the event
Flashbacks
Avoidance of stimuli connected to the event
Persistent negative emotional states
Feelings of detachment from others
Irritability
Outbursts
Hyperactivity

38
Q

major depressive disorders

A

Depressed mood most of the day nearly every day for at least a two-week period, and loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities; episodic

39
Q

symptoms of major depressive disorder

A

Changes to weight and appetite
Difficulty sleeping or excessive sleep
Psychomotor issues
Fatigue, reduced energy
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Difficulty concentrating or indecisiveness
Suicidal ideation (thoughts of death)

40
Q

depression subtype: specifiers (not specific disorders)

A

labels to indicate specific patterns of symptoms or periods of time when symptoms are present

41
Q

depression subtype: seasonal pattern

A

major depression only during a particular time of year

42
Q

depression subtype: peripartum onset (postpartum)

A

major depression during pregnancy or in the four weeks following the birth

43
Q

depression subtype: persistent depressive disorder

A

depressed moods most of the day nearly every day for at least two years, as well as at least two of the other symptoms of major depression; chronically sad but do not meet all the criteria for major depression

44
Q

bipolar disorder (manic depression)

A

Involves mood states that fluctuate between depression and mania
At least one manic episode is required for diagnosis

45
Q

symptoms of bipolar disorder

A

Hyperactivity
Talkative or flights of ideas
Irritability
Little need for sleep
Low inhibitions
Reckless behavior

46
Q

causes of mood disorders

A

1.) experiences
2.) cognitive
3.) biological

47
Q

experiences

A

stressful life events

traumatic experiences especially during childhood

48
Q

cognitive

A

Negative and maladaptive thought patterns
Hopelessness
Rumination

49
Q

biological

A

Genetics
Imbalances in serotonin and norepinephrine
Elevated amygdala activity
High cortisol level

50
Q

schizophrenia

A

Psychotic disorder in which the person’s thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point of not being able to function normally in life

51
Q

psychosis

A

inability to accurately perceive reality

52
Q

causes of psychosis

A

genetics, neurotransmitter imbalance, brain anatomy, events during pregnancy, marijuana use

53
Q

symptoms of schizophrenia

A

1.) Hallucinations
2.) Delusions
3.) Paranoid Delusions
4.) Grandiose Delusions
5.) Somatic Delusions
6.) Disorganized Thinking
7.) Disorganized Motor
8.) Behavior
9.) Catatonic Behaviors
10.) Negative Symptoms

54
Q

hallucinations

A

Hallucinations: perceptual experience in the absence of stimuli (mostly auditory ex. Hearing voices)

55
Q

delusions

A

beliefs not in line with reality and despite counter evidence

56
Q

paranoid delusions

A

Paranoid Delusions: false belief that other people or groups are plotting to harm them

57
Q

grandiose delusions

A

beliefs that they hold special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important

58
Q

somatic delusions

A

belief that something highly abnormal is happening to one’s body

59
Q

disorganized thinking

A

disjointed and incoherent thought processes (rambling, jumping from topic to topic, incomprehensible language)

60
Q

disorganized motor behavior

A

silliness, repeated movements, odd facial expressions and gestures

61
Q

catatonic behaviors

A

decreased reactivity to the environment

62
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

noticeable decreases and absences of behaviors, emotions, or drives

63
Q

dissociative disorders

A

Characterized by an individual becoming an individual becoming split off, or dissociated, from their core sense of self
psychological rather than physical cause

64
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

partial or total forgetting of an experience or an event (memory loss)

65
Q

dissociative fugue

A

wander away from home, identity confusions, may adopt a new identity

66
Q

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

A

recurring episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both

67
Q

depersonalization

A

feelings of unreality or detachment from, or unfamiliarity with, one’s sense of self

68
Q

derealizations

A

feelings of unreality or detachment from, or unfamiliarity with, the world

69
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

more than one distinct personality, memory gaps, between identities

70
Q

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

Constant pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior that interferes with normal functioning

71
Q

inattention

A

Difficulty sustaining attention
Failure to follow instructions
Disorganization
Lack of attention to detail
Easily distracted and forgetful

72
Q

hyperactivity/impulsivity

A

Excessive movement
Interrupting and intruding on others
Difficulty waiting ones turn

73
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

deficits in social interaction and communication. Repetitive pattern of behavior or interests

74
Q

social interaction deficit

A

do not make eye contact, turn head away when spoken to, prefer playing alone

75
Q

communication deficit

A

one-word responses, difficulty maintaining conversation, echoed speech, and problems using and understanding nonverbal cues (e.g., facial expressions, gestures)

76
Q

personality

A

one’s stable, consistent, and distinctive way of thinking about, feeling, acting, and relating to the world.

77
Q

personality disorder symptoms

A

1.) Exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture
2.) Have a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions
3.) Experience distress or impairment

78
Q

cluster a: odd or eccentric

A

Paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder

79
Q

cluster b: dramatic, emotional, impulsive, or erratic

A

Antisocial personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder

80
Q

cluster c: nervous or fearfulness

A

Avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive compulsive personality disorder

81
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

Cluster B
Unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, mood, and impulsivity
Fear of abandonment
Intense and unstable relationships
Risky, self-destructive behavior
Intense and uncontrollable anger

82
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

Cluster B
Antisocial versus Asocial
Complete lack of regard for other people’s rights or feelings

83
Q

conduct disorder

A

basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated

84
Q

oppositional defiant disorder

A

pattern of irritable/angry mood, argumentative/defiant behavior or vindictiveness

psychology 2000 (12 decks)

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