social psychology (12)

Question 1

intrapersonal

Answer 1

pertaining to the individual
emotions, attitudes, the self, how we think about ourselves and others

Question 1

social psychology

Answer 1

the branch of psych that studies how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the presence of others

Question 2

intrapersonal

Answer 2

altruism, aggression, prejudice and discrimination, attraction and close relationships, group processes, intergroup processes

Question 3

situationalism

Answer 3

the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings

Question 4

dispositionism

Answer 4

the view that our behavior is determined by internal factors (ex. personality)

Question 5

behavior

Answer 5

a product of both the situation and the person

Question 6

attributions

Answer 6

explanations for behavior and its result

Question 7

dispositional cause

Answer 7

internal trait
late for work because you are irresponsible

Question 8

situational cause

Answer 8

external state late to work because of traffic

Question 9

fundamental attribution error

Answer 9

tendency to overestimate internal factors as explanations/attributions for the behavior of other people and underestimate the power of the situation

Question 10

actor-observer bias

Answer 10

the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior to external causes

Question 11

self-serving bias

Answer 11

Tendency to explain our successes as due to dispositional (internal) characteristics, but to explain our failures as due to situational (external) factors
Protects self-esteem: allows people to feel good about their accomplishments
Good outcome: my fault (disposition)
Bad Outcome: not my fault (situation)

Question 12

just world hypothesis

Answer 12

people will get the outcomes they deserve
maintain the belief that the world is a fair place

(ex. people who hold just-world beliefs tend to blame the people in poverty for their circumstances, ignoring situational and cultural causes of poverty)

Question 13

social role

Answer 13

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group
culturally shared knowledge

Question 14

social norms

Answer 14

a group’s expectations of what is appropriate and acceptable behavior for its members

Question 15

script

Answer 15

a person’s knowledge about the sequence if events expected in a specific setting

Question 16

zimbardo’s stanford prison experiment

Answer 16

mock prison study
2 groups: prisoners and guards
guards abused prisoners by demonstrating their knowledge of social norms, roles, and scripts

Question 17

attitude

Answer 17

our positive/negative evaluation of a person. idea, object, or situation

Question 18

three compontents of attitude

Answer 18

Affective: emotions, feelings
Behavioral: intentions, past behavior, effect of attitude on actions
Cognitive: thoughts, beliefs, knowledge

Question 19

cognitive dissonance

Answer 19

psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions (ex. thoughts, beliefs, opinions)

Question 20

persuasion

Answer 20

process of changing our attitudes toward something based on some kind of communication

Question 21

foot-in-the-door technique

Answer 21

persuader gets a person to agree to a small favor, only to later ask for a bigger one

Question 22

door-in-the-face technique

Answer 22

persuader first requests a large favor (expected to be refused), only to later request a smaller favor

Question 23

obedience

Answer 23

changing of behavior to comply with a demand of an authority figure

Question 24

conformity

Answer 24

a change in a person's behavior to go along with the groups, even if they do not agree with the group

Question 25

asch study

Answer 25

line c was the longest but researcher paid people to confidently say A and then people changed their answer to go along with them

Question 26

factors that encourage conformity

Answer 26

size of the majority: more people= more conformity public responses

Question 27

factors that discourage conformity

Answer 27

presence of another dissenter private responses rather than public

Question 28

groupthink

Answer 28

when group members modify their own opinions to align with what they believe is the group consensus maintain cohesiveness

Question 29

group polarization

Answer 29

the strengthening of an original attitude after the discussion of views within a group

Question 30

social loafing

Answer 30

exertion of less effort by a person working in a group however when its a difficult project social loafing is less likely to occur

Question 31

in-groups

Answer 31

a group that we identify with or see ourselves belonging to

Question 32

in-group bias

Answer 32

a preference for our own group over other groups; results in prejudice towards out-groups

Question 33

out-groups

Answer 33

a group that an individual does not belong to viewed as fundamentally different

Question 34

prejudice

Answer 34

a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on their membership of a particular group education, contact, interactions, and relationships can reduce it

Question 35

stereotypes

Answer 35

a specific belief or assumption about someone based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of their individual characteristics

Question 36

discrimination

Answer 36

negative action toward an individual as a result of one’s membership in a particular group

Question 37

aggression

Answer 37

seeking to cause harm or pain to another person

Question 38

frustration aggression theory

Answer 38

when humans are prevented from achievieng an important goal, they become frustrated and aggressive

Question 39

evolutionary theory

Answer 39

aggression is an instinct for fighting to promote the survival of our species

Question 40

biological influences

Answer 40

genetics, amygdala, limbic system, testosterone, serotonin

Question 41

prosical behavior

Answer 41

voluntary behavior that intends to help others

Question 42

altruism

Answer 42

desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping

Question 43

empathy

Answer 43

the capacity to understand another person's perspective, to feel what they feel (one explanation for altruism)

Question 44

bystander effect

Answer 44

phenomenon in which a witness/bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress

Question 45

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 45

tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group more bystanders=least likely to get help

Question 46

relationships and love

Answer 46

proximity and similartiy determines your friends/relationships