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psychology 2000 > social psychology (12) > Flashcards

social psychology (12) Flashcards

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1
Q

intrapersonal

A

pertaining to the individual
emotions, attitudes, the self, how we think about ourselves and others

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1
Q

social psychology

A

the branch of psych that studies how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the presence of others

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2
Q

intrapersonal

A

altruism, aggression, prejudice and discrimination, attraction and close relationships, group processes, intergroup processes

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3
Q

situationalism

A

the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings

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4
Q

dispositionism

A

the view that our behavior is determined by internal factors (ex. personality)

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5
Q

behavior

A

a product of both the situation and the person

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6
Q

attributions

A

explanations for behavior and its result

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7
Q

dispositional cause

A

internal trait
late for work because you are irresponsible

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8
Q

situational cause

A

external state late to work because of traffic

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9
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

tendency to overestimate internal factors as explanations/attributions for the behavior of other people and underestimate the power of the situation

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10
Q

actor-observer bias

A

the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes, while attributing our own behavior to external causes

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11
Q

self-serving bias

A

Tendency to explain our successes as due to dispositional (internal) characteristics, but to explain our failures as due to situational (external) factors
Protects self-esteem: allows people to feel good about their accomplishments
Good outcome: my fault (disposition)
Bad Outcome: not my fault (situation)

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12
Q

just world hypothesis

A

people will get the outcomes they deserve
maintain the belief that the world is a fair place

(ex. people who hold just-world beliefs tend to blame the people in poverty for their circumstances, ignoring situational and cultural causes of poverty)

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13
Q

social role

A

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group
culturally shared knowledge

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14
Q

social norms

A

a group’s expectations of what is appropriate and acceptable behavior for its members

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15
Q

script

A

a person’s knowledge about the sequence if events expected in a specific setting

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16
Q

zimbardo’s stanford prison experiment

A

mock prison study
2 groups: prisoners and guards
guards abused prisoners by demonstrating their knowledge of social norms, roles, and scripts

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17
Q

attitude

A

our positive/negative evaluation of a person. idea, object, or situation

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18
Q

three compontents of attitude

A

Affective: emotions, feelings
Behavioral: intentions, past behavior, effect of attitude on actions
Cognitive: thoughts, beliefs, knowledge

19
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions (ex. thoughts, beliefs, opinions)

20
Q

persuasion

A

process of changing our attitudes toward something based on some kind of communication

21
Q

foot-in-the-door technique

A

persuader gets a person to agree to a small favor, only to later ask for a bigger one

22
Q

door-in-the-face technique

A

persuader first requests a large favor (expected to be refused), only to later request a smaller favor

23
Q

obedience

A

changing of behavior to comply with a demand of an authority figure

24
Q

conformity

A

a change in a person’s behavior to go along with the groups, even if they do not agree with the group

25
Q

asch study

A

line c was the longest but researcher paid people to confidently say A and then people changed their answer to go along with them

26
Q

factors that encourage conformity

A

size of the majority: more people= more conformity
public responses

27
Q

factors that discourage conformity

A

presence of another dissenter
private responses rather than public

28
Q

groupthink

A

when group members modify their own opinions to align with what they believe is the group consensus
maintain cohesiveness

29
Q

group polarization

A

the strengthening of an original attitude after the discussion of views within a group

30
Q

social loafing

A

exertion of less effort by a person working in a group
however when its a difficult project social loafing is less likely to occur

31
Q

in-groups

A

a group that we identify with or see ourselves belonging to

32
Q

in-group bias

A

a preference for our own group over other groups; results in prejudice towards out-groups

33
Q

out-groups

A

a group that an individual does not belong to
viewed as fundamentally different

34
Q

prejudice

A

a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on their membership of a particular group
education, contact, interactions, and relationships can reduce it

35
Q

stereotypes

A

a specific belief or assumption about someone based solely on their membership in a group, regardless of their individual characteristics

36
Q

discrimination

A

negative action toward an individual as a result of one’s membership in a particular group

37
Q

aggression

A

seeking to cause harm or pain to another person

38
Q

frustration aggression theory

A

when humans are prevented from achievieng an important goal, they become frustrated and aggressive

39
Q

evolutionary theory

A

aggression is an instinct for fighting to promote the survival of our species

40
Q

biological influences

A

genetics, amygdala, limbic system, testosterone, serotonin

41
Q

prosical behavior

A

voluntary behavior that intends to help others

42
Q

altruism

A

desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping

43
Q

empathy

A

the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what they feel (one explanation for altruism)

44
Q

bystander effect

A

phenomenon in which a witness/bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress

45
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group
more bystanders=least likely to get help

46
Q

relationships and love

A

proximity and similartiy determines your friends/relationships

psychology 2000 (12 decks)

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