Therapeutic Exercise 2 Flashcards
Isometric exercise
Force generated without a change in muscle length
Isotonic exercise
Contraction generated with the muscle exerting constant tension (muscle movement with a constant load)
Performed against resistance
Two types of isotonic contractions
Concentric
Eccentric
Isokinetic exercise
Muscular contraction generated with a constant maximal speed and variable load
Intensity: goal is increased strength
Lower repetitions (6-12) higher load
Intensity: goal is increased endurance
Higher repetitions (i.e. 20+) of a lower intensity load
Intensity: goal is increased power
Low repetitions (1-3) of very high intensity load used
Volume
Total amount of work performed (# of repetitions x intensity of exercise)
Exercise sequencing
- large before small muscle groups
- multijoint before single joint exercises
- high intensity before low intensity exercises
Rest interval: high intensity
Longer rest interval (3+ minutes)
Low intensity exercise
Shorter rest interval adequate (1-2 minutes)
Rest intervals: fitness level
Patients with lower fitness levels may require longer rest intervals than more fit individuals
Open-chain
Distal segment moves freely in space
Closed-chain
The body moves over a fixed distal segment
Delorme protocol (1st, 2nd, 3rd set)
- 10 reps x 50% 10RM
- 10 reps x 75% of 10RM
- 10 reps x 100% of 10RM
Oxford technique (1st, 2nd, 3rd set)
- 10 reps x 100% 10RM
- 10 reps x 75% 10RM
- 10 reps x 50% 10RM
Overload principle
For a muscle to adapt and become stronger, the load that is placed on it must be greater than what it is normally accustomed to
SAID principle
Specific adaptation to imposed demands
The body will adapt to the specific type of training that is utilized
Should mirror training to the desired goal
Transfer of training principle
There can be carryover effect from one exercise or task to another
I.e. may see improvement in strength along with muscular endurance
Reversibility principle
Adaptations seen with resistance training are reversible if the body is not regularly challenged with the same level of resistance or greater
Length-tension relationship
The ability of a muscle to produce force depends on the length of the muscle
Maximal muscle force is usually produced at this length
Normal resting length
Force-velocity relationship
Speed of a muscle contraction affects the force that the muscle can produce
Force-velocity relationship: concentric contractions
Increased speed = decrease in force
Force-velocity relationship: eccentric contractions
Increased speed causes increased force of contraction
3 common conditions resulting from resistance training
- muscle fatigue
- DOMS
- valsalva maneuver
Muscle fatigue
Decreasing ability of a muscle to produce force against a load with increasing repetitions, but is reversible with rest
S/s of muscle fatigue
- muscle pain and cramping
- tremors
- slower, jerky movements
- unable to complete full movement pattern, use of substitution patterns
S/s of DOMS
- ttp over muscle belly or at musculotendinous junction
- soreness with passive stretching or active mm contraction
- decreased strength/ROM
DOMS most often occurs with this type of muscular contraction
Eccentric
Valsalva maneuver performed by:
Forcefully exhaling against a closed glottis, nose, and mouth while simultaneously contracting the abdominal muscles
Who should be especially careful to not perform the Valsalva maneuver?
- cardiovascular disease
- IV disk pathology
- recent eye surgery
*should be avoided with all patients. Exhale through portion of exercise that requires the most effort
