MSK Pathology 1

Question 1

Achilles tendonitis: most often impacted in this area

Answer 1

Avascular zone 2-6 cm above insertion of the tendon

Question 2

Activities frequently associated with Achilles tendonitis:

Answer 2

Running
Basketball
Gymnastics
Dancing

Question 3

S/s of Achilles tendonitis

Answer 3

• Aching/burning in posterior heel
• Tenderness over tendon
• Pain with increased activity
• Swelling/thickening in the tendon area
• Mm weakness due to pain
• Morning stiffness

Question 4

Adhesive capsulitis: soft tissue contracture causes loss of

Answer 4

Active/passive shoulder ROM

Question 5

Adhesive capsulitis is caused by fibrosis and scarring between the:

Answer 5

• capsule
• rotator cuff
• subacromial bursa
• deltoid

Question 6

Adhesive capsulitis: traumatic onset?

Answer 6

May be related to direct injury to shoulder or could be insidious

Question 7

Adhesive capsulitis: peak incidence

Answer 7

40-60 yrs old

Female

Question 8

Adhesive capsulitis: course

Answer 8

Typically self-limiting and resolves in 1-2 years

*some people have residual loss of motion

Question 9

Adhesive capsulitis: s/s

Answer 9

• insidious onset of pain, often extending down the arm
• stiffness
• night pain
• restricted ROM in capsular pattern

Question 10

Adhesive capsulitis: tx considerations

Answer 10

avoid overstretching and elevating pain (can results in further loss of motion)

Question 11

ACL sprain: etiology

Answer 11

Noncontact twisting injury associated with hyperextension, varus, or valgus stress to the knee

Question 12

ACL sprain: often involves other knee structures

Answer 12

• medial capsule
• MCL
• meniscus

Question 13

ACL sprain: conservative tx

Answer 13

Strengthening, esp hamstrings/quads

Question 14

ACL sprain: surgical graft sites

Answer 14

• patellar tendon
• IT band
• HS tendon

Question 15

ACL sprain: derotation brace

Answer 15

May be useful for pts with ACL deficient knee, but limited benefit following surgical reconstruction

Question 16

What is congenital hip dysplasia?

Answer 16

• Malalignment of the femoral head in the acetabulum

- develops during third trimester

Question 17

Congenital hip dysplasia:

Testing for the condition

Answer 17

• Ortolani’s test
• Barlow’s test
• dx ultrasound

Question 18

Congenital hip dysplasia: clinical presentation

Answer 18

• asymmetrical hip abduction

- tightness and apparent femoral shortening of the involved side

Question 19

Congenital hip dysplasia: treatment dependent on age and initial attempts to reposition the femoral head

Answer 19

• Constant use of harness, bracing, splinting, or traction
• may require open reduction and hip spica cast if conservative mgmt fails
• will require PT after cast removal for stretching/strengthening/family education

Question 20

Congenital limb deficiency: types

Answer 20

Longitudinal

Transverse

Question 21

Congenital limb deficiency: longitudinal

Answer 21

Reduction or absence of an element/s within the long axis of the bone

Question 22

Congenital limb deficiency: transverse

Answer 22

Limb has developed to a particular level beyond which no skeletal elements exist

Question 23

Congenital limb deficiency: etiology

Answer 23

• Idiopathic/genetic in origin

- Possibly due to poor blood supply, constricting amniotic bands, infection, maternal drug exposure

Question 24

Congenital limb deficiency: focus of therapy

Answer 24

• symmetrical movements
• strengthening/ROM
• WB activities
• prosthetic training when appropriate

Question 25

Congenital torticollis: characterized by

Answer 25

Unilateral contracture of SCM

Most commonly seen in first 2 months of life

Question 26

Congenital torticollis: etiology

Answer 26

May be associated with malpositioning in utero (i.e. breech) and birth trauma

Question 27

Congenital torticollis: s/s

Answer 27

• Lateral cervical flexion to same side as contracture
• rotation toward opposite side of contracture
• facial asymmetries

Question 28

Congenital torticollis: surgical mgmt?

Answer 28

Only when conservative methods have failed and the child is over 1 year