MSK Pathology 3 Flashcards
Osgood-Schlatter disease: aka
Traction apophysitis
Osgood-Schlatter disease: etiology
- repetitive tension to the patellar tendon in young athletes
- results in small allusion of tibial tuberosity and subsequent swelling
Osgood-Schlatter disease: s/s
- to over patella tendon at insertion on tibial tubercle
- antalgic gait
- pain with increasing activity
Osgood-Schlatter disease: treatment
- Education, flexibility
- eliminating activities that place strain on the patellar tendon such as squatting, running, jumping
OA: etiology
- typically begins in middle age
- more common in men up to age 55, but more frequent in women after that
OA: risk factors
- overweight
- fractures or other joint injuries
- occupational or athletic overuse
OA: treatment goals
- reduce pain
- promote joint function
- protect the joint
OI is a connective tissue disorder that affects the formation of _____ during bone development
Collagen
OI: how many classifications?
4
OI: etiology
- genetic inheritance
- types I and IV are autosomal dominant
- types II and III are autosomal recessive
OI: s/s
- pathological fractures
- OP
- hypermobile joints
- bowing of the long bones
- weakness
- scoliosis
- impaired respiratory function
Chondromalacia refers to
Softening of the articular cartilage
Patellofemoral syndrome: etiology
repetitive overuse with increased force at PF joint
Factors that influence Patellofemoral syndrome:
- decreased quad strength
- decreased LE flexibility
- patellar instability
- increased tibial torsion
- femoral anteversion
Patellofemoral syndrome: s/s
- anterior knee pain
- pain with prolonged sitting
- swelling
- crepitus
- pain when ascending and descending stairs
Plantar fasciitis: where is the problem?
Inflammation of the plantar fascia at the proximal insertion on the medial tubercle of the calcaneus
Plantar fasciitis: etiology
- acute injury from excessive loading of the foot
- chronic irritation from an excessive amount of pronation
- prolonged duration of pronation
Most common in pts between age 40-60
Plantar fasciitis: s/s
- top over PF insertion
- heel spur
- pain worse in the morning or after periods of inactivity
- difficulty with prolonged standing
- pain when walking in bare feet
PCL sprain: most common causes of injury
- landing on tibia with a flexed knee
- dashboard injury with flexed knee
PCL sprain: isolated?
Isolated tears are not common and often involve
- ACL
- MCL
- LCL
- menisci
PCL sprain: s/s
- often asymptomatic
- (+) posterior drawer and sag sign
If PCL surgery is performed, what is avoided for a minimum of 6 weeks?
Isolated hamstring exercises
RA presents with a chronic inflammatory rxn in the synovial tissues of a joint that results in
erosion of cartilage and supporting structures within the capsule
RA commonly begins in these joints
Small joints in the hand, foot, wrist, and ankle
PCL sprain: RA etiology
- unknown cause
- women affected 3x more than men
- onset between 40-60
RA: s/s
- symmetrical involvement
- pain and tenderness
- morning stiffness
- warm joints
- decreased appetite
- malaise/fatigue
- swan neck or boutonniere deformity
- low grade fever
RA: goal of treatment
- reduce inflammation and pain
- promote joint function
- prevent joint destruction/deformity
RA: these meds may be useful during flare-ups
Corticosteroids
*used here or when pt’s s/s aren’t responding to NSAIDs
DMARDs for RA
- slow-acting/may take weeks or months to become effective
- ability to slow progression of joint destruction and deformity
Intrinsic factors influencing RC tears
Impaired blood supply to the tendon, resulting in degeneration
Extrinsic factors for RC tears
- trauma
- repetitive microtrauma
- postural abnormalities
RC tear: how might they position their arm?
IR/adduction
RC tear: primary goals of therapy
- prevent adhesive capsulitis
- strengthen UE musculature
