MSK Pathology 4

Question 1

Scoliosis: types

Answer 1

• functional
• neuromuscular
• degenerative

Question 2

Scoliosis: functional

Answer 2

Think leg length discrepancy, mm imbalance, poor posture

NONstructural

Question 3

Scoliosis: neuromuscular

Answer 3

Results from developmental pathology

I.e. Marfan’s syndrome

Question 4

Scoliosis: degenerative

Answer 4

Normal aging process: osteophyte formation, bone demineralization, disk herniation

Question 5

Types of structural scoliosis

Answer 5

Neuromuscular
Degenerative

Do not reduce with lateral bending

Question 6

Scoliosis: etiology

Answer 6

• idiopathic: diagnosed between 10-13

- girls have higher risk of developing scoliosis over 30˚

Question 7

Scoliosis: s/s

Answer 7

shoulder level asymmetry with or without rib hump

Question 8

Talipes equinovarus: aka

Answer 8

Clubfot

Question 9

Talipes equinovarus: what does it look like

Answer 9

Heel points down

Forefoot turns in

Question 10

Talipes equinovarus: etiology

Answer 10

cause unknown, but may be due to

• familial tendency
• positioning in utero
• defect in the ovum

Question 11

Talipes equinovarus: often accompanies these conditions

Answer 11

• spina birdie
• arthrogryposis

*may result from lack of movement in utero

Question 12

Talipes equinovarus: s/s

Answer 12

• forefoot adduction
• varus hindfoot
• equinus at ankle

Question 13

Talipes equinovarus: treatment

Answer 13

• splinting and serial casting

- restore proper positioning of the foot and ankle

Question 14

THA approaches

Answer 14

• anterolateral
• direct lateral
• posterolateral

Question 15

Hip precautions: anterolateral approach

Answer 15

Avoid:

• flexion past 90˚
• hip extension
• ER
• adduction

Question 16

Hip precautions: direct lateral approach

Answer 16

Avoid:

• flexion past 90˚
• hip extension
• ER
• adduction

Question 17

Hip precautions: posterolateral approach

Answer 17

Avoid:

• flexion past 90˚
• adduction
• IR