Gait ROM/muscle activity

Question 1

ROM requirements for normal gait: hip flexion

Answer 1

0-30˚

Question 2

ROM requirements for normal gait: hip extension

Answer 2

0-10˚

Question 3

ROM requirements for normal gait: knee flexion

Answer 3

0-60˚

Question 4

ROM requirements for normal gait: knee extension

Answer 4

0˚

Question 5

ROM requirements for normal gait: ankle DF

Answer 5

0-10˚

Question 6

ROM requirements for normal gait: ankle PF

Answer 6

0-20˚

Question 7

initial contact: muscle actions

ankle dorsiflexors

Answer 7

ankle DF place ankle in DF during heel strike and prepare foot to lower

Question 8

initial contact: muscle actions

quadriceps

Answer 8

quadriceps put knee in extension

Question 9

initial contact: muscle actions

hamstrings

Answer 9

hamstrings stabilize knee and prevent hyperextension

Question 10

initial contact: muscle actions

hip extensors and abductors

Answer 10

contract to stabilize trunk

Question 11

loading response: muscle actions

dorsiflexors

Answer 11

eccentrically control lowering of the foot

Question 12

loading response: muscle actions

quadriceps

Answer 12

eccentrically contract to control knee flexion as the limb accepts the weight of the body

becomes concentric to draw the femur forward over the tibia

Question 13

loading response: muscle actions

plantarflexors

Answer 13

eccentrically control DF as tibia moves over the foot

Question 14

loading response: muscle actions

tibialis posterior

Answer 14

eccentrically controls foot pronation

Question 15

loading response: muscle actions

hip extensors

Answer 15

contract concentrically to produce hip extension throughout

Question 16

midstance: muscle actions

plantarflexors

Answer 16

eccentrically control dorsiflexion as body moves over stance limb

Question 17

midstance: muscle actions

knee musculature

Answer 17

minimal activity, but quads contract concentrically to continue producing closed chain knee extension

Question 18

midstance: muscle actions

hip abductors

Answer 18

stabilize pelvis and prevent contralateral hip drop

Question 19

midstance: muscle actions

iliopsoas

Answer 19

eccentrically contracts to control hip extension

Question 20

terminal stance: muscle actions

plantarflexors

Answer 20

begin to work concentrically to aid foot in propulsion of the body forward

Question 21

terminal stance: muscle actions

knee musculature

Answer 21

limited

Question 22

terminal stance: muscle actions

hip abductors

Answer 22

continue to stabilize pelvis

Question 23

terminal stance: muscle actions

iliopsoas

Answer 23

continues to slow rate of hip extension

Question 24

pre-swing: muscle actions

plantarflexors

Answer 24

at their peak of activity as the foot toes off from the ground

Question 25

pre-swing: muscle actions

hamstrings

Answer 25

produce knee flexion to prepare for swing phase

assisted by momentum

Question 26

pre-swing: muscle actions

iliopsoas

Answer 26

concentrically contracts to produce hip flexion

along with other hip flexors

Question 27

initial swing: muscle actions

dorsiflexors

Answer 27

concentrically contract to clear the foot from the ground

Question 28

initial swing: muscle actions

hamstrings

Answer 28

assist with foot clearance by flexing the knee

Question 29

initial swing: muscle actions

hip flexors

Answer 29

continue to produce hip flexion to advance the limb forward

Question 30

midswing: muscle actions

ankle dorsiflexors

Answer 30

concentrically contract to maintain DF

Question 31

midswing: muscle actions

knee and hip muscle activity

Answer 31

minimal during this phase due to forward momentum allowing for limb advancement

Question 32

terminal swing: muscle actions

dorsiflexors

Answer 32

concentrically contract to maintain DF

Question 33

terminal swing: muscle actions

ankle invertors

Answer 33

concentrically contract to prepare foot for initial contact

Question 34

terminal swing: muscle actions

quadriceps

Answer 34

contract concentrically to place the knee in extension for initial contact

Question 35

terminal swing: muscle actions

hamstrings

Answer 35

eccentrically contract to control rate of knee extension

Question 36

terminal swing: muscle actions

hip extensors

Answer 36

eccentrically slow the rate of hip flexion and prepare limb for initial contact