theories Flashcards
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Psychodynamic
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy(Freud) Analytic theory (Jung) The neo-Freudians (adler) The ego-analysis Object-relations theorist
Psycho analytic psychotherapy
Freud Personality theory -I'd -ego -superego @defense mechanisms
Undoing
Ritual to abolish the consequences of a previous action
Identification
Trying to act like another person that has been idealized
Conversion
Physical symptoms manifested from anxiety or emotional conflict
Introjection
Internalizing an imagined form of another person or object
Reaction-formation
Taking on traits that are opposite oF the individual’s original unconscious trait
Putting disturbing thoughts on other feelings or wishes that are considered more positive
Displacement
Sublimation
Being disturbingly creative because creativity is acceptable though the desires and drives of creation are not
Techniques of psychoanalytic therapy
Free association Transference/counter transference Analyzing interpreting resistance Ego analysis Dream interpretation
Analytic Theory founder and fundamental belief
Jung believed that personality was not based completed on reducing anxiety but rather develops while striving for self relaization.
Analytic theory tenets
- Personality is made up of multiple structures and systems that interact.
- The psyche has 3 structures
- consciousness, personal unconscious, and the collecive unconscious
- Life goal in to achieve individuation when thinking, feeling, sensing an intuiting unify as the unconscious become conscious.
Analytic theory techniques
Word association tests
dream analysis
symptom analysis
life history
Individual Psychology founder and fundamental beliefs
Alfred Alder suggested that personality devleops and individuals attempt to overcome inadequate feelings
Individual Psychology tenants
- Feelings of inferiority come from perceived weaknesses during childhood.
- Unhealthy individuals are self-centered, competitive and power hungry, where healthy individuals strive for common good
- Influenced by birth order family atmosphere and constellation
- Mental diosrders are a mistaken style of life characterized by overcompensation, overemphasis on personal power and underdeveloped social interest
Techniques of Personal Pyschology
- Therapist client alliance
- lifestyle investigation
- reorient attitudes
- study of dreams
- interpretation of resistances and transferences
- role playing
- giving encouragement and advice
Neo-Freudians
K. Horney
H. S. Sullivan
E. Fromm
K. Horney
Parents behaviors and interpersonal relationship with child creates basic anxiety.
E S Sullivan
Protaxic, parataxic and syntaxic
Fromm
Maladaptive behavior is a result of society inhibiting people from fulfilling human nature
Neo-freudian techniques
- Therapist as participant observer
- interpretation and insight
Ego Analysts
Imbalance of Ego and Id creates pathology. Health behavior should be under conscious control.
A. Freud, H. Hartman, Ernst Kris, David Rapaport and Erik Erikson
Object Relations Theorists tenets
- Ego is whole at birth
- satisfying relationships with object (particularly mom) keep the ego intact
- Internalization is splitting the object into 3 parts (ideal/gratifying, rejecting/depriving, exciting/ enticing)
- Mahler develop 5 stages of development based on developing internal object relations through individuation and separation.
Object Relations Therapeutic techniques
An active role by therapist
assuming the role of the object is common
Humanistic Theory Tenets
- Must understand a persons experience
- Individuals are unique
- Focus is on here an now
- potential for self-actualization and self determination
- Therapy is authentic, collaborative, and egalitarian
Humanistic/Existential Therapies
Client-Centered Gestalt transactional analysis existential therapy reality therapy
Client Centered Therapy founder
Carl Rogers
Client Centere Therapy
All people desire to self-actualize. If there’s incongruence between self and experience anxiety occurs. People use defense maneuvers to address anxiety. Defense maneuvers are counter to self actualization.
Client Centered Therapy Techniques
Therapist must provide unconditional positive regard, accurate empathetic understanding, and congruence to create right environment. Non-directive therapy. Clients are the expert of their own inner process
Gestalt Therapy founder
Fritz Perls
Gestalt Therapy tenets
- A person’s gestalts (perceptions of parts as a whole) reflect current needs.
- Two parts of personsality self (creative aspect promotes self actualization) and self image (external standards imposed that inhibit self acutalization)
- Maladaptive behavior is a result of boundaries distrubances (introjection, projection, retroflection, and confluence.
Gestalt Therapy Techniques
- Avoid Labels
- keep clients in the present (directed awareness)
- I focused language
- no questions
- games of dialogue
- assuming resposibility
- dream work
Transactional Analysis founder
Eric Berne
Tansactional Analysis tenets
- Often utilized in group therapy.
- Four life positions based on I’m OK/not - you’re OK/not (at birth OK/OK)
- Three ego states Adult (ego) Parent (superego) and Child (id)
- Script is a person’s life plan
- Unhealthy script can be created as a result of parental practices