Human Development and behavior

Question 1

Stages of Psychosexual Development

Answer 1

Freud
Oral- 0-12 months
Anal - 1-3 years
Phallic - 3-6 years
Latency - 6-12 years
Genital - 12 and up

Question 2

Oral fixation - Psychosexual

Answer 2

Produces dependence, passivity, gullibility, sarcasm, or other oral fixations

Question 3

Anal Fixation- psychosexual

Answer 3

Anal-Fixation lead to retentiveness, stinginess, selfishness, obsessive-compulsive behavior or anal expulsiveness(cruelty, messiness)

Question 4

Phallic fixation - psychosexual

Answer 4

Phallic (3-6 years-Fixation produces a phallis character (seuxal exploitation of others)

Question 5

Latent fixation

Answer 5

Emphasis on developing social skills instead of their sexuality

Question 6

Genital stage

Answer 6

Sexuality becomes focus in mature genital love.

Question 7

Erickson’s stages of Psychosocial Development

Answer 7

Oral-Sensory (0-12 months)
Muscular-Anal (12-36 months)
Locomotor-Genital (3-6 years)
Latency (6-12 years)
Adolescence
Early Adulthood
MIddle Adulthood
Maturity

Question 8

Ora-Sensory stage

Answer 8

Erickson
Conflict is trust v. mistrust. Significant relationship is with primary caretaker. If successfully masatered this leads to trust and optimism

Question 9

Muscular-Anal

Answer 9

Erickson
Conflict is autonom versus shame. Significant relationship with parents. success leads to sef-assertion, self-control, feelings of adequacy

Question 10

Locomotor-Genital

Answer 10

Erickson
Initiative v. Guilt. significant relationsihp is with the family. Successful mastery leads to a sense of initiative, purpose and directions

Question 11

Latency

Answer 11

Erickson
Industry v. inferiority
relationships are with the school and neighborhood. leads to productivity and competent is physical, intellectual, and social skills

Question 12

Adolescence

Answer 12

Erickson
ego identity v. role confusion
Significant relationships are with peers and leadership models
Mastery leads to integrated sense of self as a unique person.

Question 13

Early adulthood

Answer 13

Erikson
intimacy v. isolation
Relationship are with partners in friendship and partner sex. Ability to form close personal relationships and make career commitments

Question 14

Middle Adulthood

Answer 14

Erikson
generativity v. stagnation
relationships are with shared labor and household. mastery leads to concern for future generations

Question 15

Maturity

Answer 15

Erickson
integrity v. despair
Relationship with mankind.
Mastery leads to sense of satisfaction and ability to face death without despair.

Question 16

Kohlberg’s stage fo Moral Deveopment

Answer 16

Level 1- Preconventional Morality (4-10 years)
Level 2- Conventional Morality (10-13 years)
Level 3 Postconventional Morality (adolescence to adulthood not reached by most adults)

Question 17

Level 1 Preconventional Morality

Answer 17

Kohlberg
Stage 1-Punishment v. obedience orientation. Judgement is based on desire to avoid punishment
Stage 2- Instrumental -Relativist Orientation
Motivated by desire to satisfy own needs

Question 18

Level 2 Conventional Morality

Answer 18

Kohlberg
Stage 3 Good Boy/Nice Girl Orientation
motivated by the desire to avoid dislike or disapproval by others
Stage 4 Law and order orientation
desire to avoid censure by a legitimate authority

Question 19

Level 3 Post Conventional Morality

Answer 19

Kohlberg
Stage 5 Legalistic Orientation
desire to maintaining respect of equals, the community, maintaining social order, and obeying democratically determined laws.
Stage 6
Universal Ethical Principals Orientation
individuals own conscience is the only criterion for moral conduct.

Question 20

Piaget’s Theory of intellectual development

Answer 20

Sensory Motor (0-2 years)
Pre-operational (1.5-7 years)
Concrete Operational (7-11 years)
Formal Operational (11 years and older)

Question 21

Sensory Motor Stage

Answer 21

Piaget
Schemas of action
assimilating incorporating new objects into existing schemas
Accommodating adjusting schemas to fit new objects
growth is categorized by adaptation to new situations leads to object permanence

Question 22

Pre-operational Stage

Answer 22

Piaget
Meaning of objects can be manipulated, Schemas consist of symbolic units (pretend and item stands for something else) 2-4 years old in this pre-conceptual subphase. from 4-7 the child is in the intuitive subphase developing concepts of egocentrism, animism, centration, and irreversibility

Question 23

Egocentrism (piaget)

Answer 23

cannot take another’s perspective into account

Question 24

Anamism (paiget)

Answer 24

Life to inanimate objects

Question 25

centration (Piaget)

Answer 25

focusing on one aspect of an object or situation

Question 26

irreversibility (Piaget)

Answer 26

Can’t undo what’s been done

Question 27

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 27

Piaget
mental representations of actions
conserve something maintains its volume/mass no matter what the shape or container
relational terms (darker, shorter, thinner)
Serialize arrange by shape and color

Question 28

Formal operational

Answer 28

Piaget
Thinks abstractly and in relative terms, Can think hypotheticaly and can engage in deductive reasoning. Shows renewed egocentrism (self consciousness, self criticism, and self admiration).