Human Development and behavior Flashcards
Stages of Psychosexual Development
Freud Oral- 0-12 months Anal - 1-3 years Phallic - 3-6 years Latency - 6-12 years Genital - 12 and up
Oral fixation - Psychosexual
Produces dependence, passivity, gullibility, sarcasm, or other oral fixations
Anal Fixation- psychosexual
Anal-Fixation lead to retentiveness, stinginess, selfishness, obsessive-compulsive behavior or anal expulsiveness(cruelty, messiness)
Phallic fixation - psychosexual
Phallic (3-6 years-Fixation produces a phallis character (seuxal exploitation of others)
Latent fixation
Emphasis on developing social skills instead of their sexuality
Genital stage
Sexuality becomes focus in mature genital love.
Erickson’s stages of Psychosocial Development
Oral-Sensory (0-12 months) Muscular-Anal (12-36 months) Locomotor-Genital (3-6 years) Latency (6-12 years) Adolescence Early Adulthood MIddle Adulthood Maturity
Ora-Sensory stage
Erickson
Conflict is trust v. mistrust. Significant relationship is with primary caretaker. If successfully masatered this leads to trust and optimism
Muscular-Anal
Erickson
Conflict is autonom versus shame. Significant relationship with parents. success leads to sef-assertion, self-control, feelings of adequacy
Locomotor-Genital
Erickson
Initiative v. Guilt. significant relationsihp is with the family. Successful mastery leads to a sense of initiative, purpose and directions
Latency
Erickson
Industry v. inferiority
relationships are with the school and neighborhood. leads to productivity and competent is physical, intellectual, and social skills
Adolescence
Erickson
ego identity v. role confusion
Significant relationships are with peers and leadership models
Mastery leads to integrated sense of self as a unique person.
Early adulthood
Erikson
intimacy v. isolation
Relationship are with partners in friendship and partner sex. Ability to form close personal relationships and make career commitments
Middle Adulthood
Erikson
generativity v. stagnation
relationships are with shared labor and household. mastery leads to concern for future generations
Maturity
Erickson
integrity v. despair
Relationship with mankind.
Mastery leads to sense of satisfaction and ability to face death without despair.
Kohlberg’s stage fo Moral Deveopment
Level 1- Preconventional Morality (4-10 years)
Level 2- Conventional Morality (10-13 years)
Level 3 Postconventional Morality (adolescence to adulthood not reached by most adults)
Level 1 Preconventional Morality
Kohlberg
Stage 1-Punishment v. obedience orientation. Judgement is based on desire to avoid punishment
Stage 2- Instrumental -Relativist Orientation
Motivated by desire to satisfy own needs
Level 2 Conventional Morality
Kohlberg
Stage 3 Good Boy/Nice Girl Orientation
motivated by the desire to avoid dislike or disapproval by others
Stage 4 Law and order orientation
desire to avoid censure by a legitimate authority
Level 3 Post Conventional Morality
Kohlberg
Stage 5 Legalistic Orientation
desire to maintaining respect of equals, the community, maintaining social order, and obeying democratically determined laws.
Stage 6
Universal Ethical Principals Orientation
individuals own conscience is the only criterion for moral conduct.
Piaget’s Theory of intellectual development
Sensory Motor (0-2 years) Pre-operational (1.5-7 years) Concrete Operational (7-11 years) Formal Operational (11 years and older)
Sensory Motor Stage
Piaget
Schemas of action
assimilating incorporating new objects into existing schemas
Accommodating adjusting schemas to fit new objects
growth is categorized by adaptation to new situations leads to object permanence
Pre-operational Stage
Piaget
Meaning of objects can be manipulated, Schemas consist of symbolic units (pretend and item stands for something else) 2-4 years old in this pre-conceptual subphase. from 4-7 the child is in the intuitive subphase developing concepts of egocentrism, animism, centration, and irreversibility
Egocentrism (piaget)
cannot take another’s perspective into account
Anamism (paiget)
Life to inanimate objects
centration (Piaget)
focusing on one aspect of an object or situation
irreversibility (Piaget)
Can’t undo what’s been done
Concrete Operational Stage
Piaget
mental representations of actions
conserve something maintains its volume/mass no matter what the shape or container
relational terms (darker, shorter, thinner)
Serialize arrange by shape and color
Formal operational
Piaget
Thinks abstractly and in relative terms, Can think hypotheticaly and can engage in deductive reasoning. Shows renewed egocentrism (self consciousness, self criticism, and self admiration).
