Theodore Roosevelt and Progressivism 1901-1908 Flashcards
Proceedings against big businesses in 1902
Roosevelt started proceedings against the Northern Securities Company, a vast holding company which controlled several railroads in the north-east of the USA
Why did Roosevelt wanted to prosecute big businesses in 1902
Roosevelt was determined to make the Sherman Anti-Trust Act on 1890 more effective
What did the proceedings against big businesses in 1902 involve?
The proceedings involved taking on powerful businessmen, such as Rockefeller and J.P. Morgan, who appeared to be using the company’s monopoly to create excess profits.
Success in the proceedings against big businesses in 1902
The Supreme Court decided in 1904 that the Northern Securities Company was illegal and was dissolved.
What were the implications of the case won in 1902 against the Northern Securities Company?
It had encouraged Roosevelt to embark on 44 anti-trust prosecutions, including American Tobacco and Standard Oil.
Name two criticisms upon Roosevelt’s presidency in general
1) He was a reactionary who supported reforms in order to prevent revolution.
2) He was criticised by liberals for being too cautious and by his party for being too radical.
What was the role of the Department of Commerce 1903
It was given the power to collect data from any business that dealt in interstate commerce, which would be vital in identifying the need to regulate business.
Roosevelt’s effort in taking on big businesses
• The Department of Commerce and Labour Act 1903
Roosevelt got this legislation assed by Congress by encouraging the public to put pressure on their Senators and Congressmen to get the Bill passed.
Roosevelt’s attitude upon labour relations
Roosevelt was prepared to intervene in industrial disputes, such as the anthracite coal strike of 1902
What happened in the anthracite coal strike of 1902?
Employers had locked out miners who went on strike for better wages and an eight-hour day.
What did Roosevelt do during the anthracite coal strike of 1902
Roosevelt summoned both sides to Washington and told the employers that unless they agreed to arbitration he would send troops in to work the mines.
How progressive was Roosevelt in the event of the anthracite coal strike of 1902
Previous president had always taken the side of the employers; yet Roosevelt expanded the role of government to obtain justice and fair play.
Flaws in the anthracite coal strike arbitration in 1902
Employers simply raised prices to cover the pay rise.
What did Roosevelt do for conservation
He ordered 150 million acres of forest to be placed on federal reserves and strictly enforced laws concerning grazing, mining and lumbering.
Why was Roosevelt policy on conservation seen as progressive?
By supporting conservation, Roosevelt seemed to be supporting the people against mining, timber and oil interest.
