The Voice - language and representation Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Voice start and what format was it in back then?

A

In 1982 as a print newspaper. It was independently published and there were weekly editions

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2
Q

What were the issues at the time that the product aimed to inform readers about?

A

There were highly negative and stereotypical representations of black people. The use of Margaret Thatcher’s stop and search and systematic racism in the police led to tensions and violent riots in London, Liverpool, Manchester and Bristol in 1981

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3
Q

What are the voices aims?

A

They are a commercial media product looking to make a profit, but are also driven by fulfilling a public service through the targeting of ethnic minority audiences

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4
Q

Why was the Voice formed?

A

Events such as the Brixton riots were being reported by journalists who were often negative towards black people. Even if they were positive, they were outsiders, who didn’t really know what was going on and portrayed black people through the ‘white eye’. Black people were always being represented through a white person’s perspective

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5
Q

Who started the Voice?

A

Val Mcalla from a small council flat in London

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6
Q

What is the typography of the voice headline like?

A

Very similar to that used in a traditional newspaper, showing his it was and still is a newspaper. However, it blends freshness with traditionalism to signify trustworthiness alongside freshness. The paper seems like it has the readers back as its content is therefore assumed to be up-to-date
The stylized placement of the word ‘the’ as the dot above the letter I creates prominence on ‘voice’ and its connotations, prioritising this, showing its a loud, brand not afraid to speak up. Reinforced by the use of capital letters
The headline font uses serif font to reflect formality and importance as well as italics to show their voice is far reaching

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7
Q

What’s the typography like of the body font?

A

It’s lightweight sans serif to make it readable and legible, as well as making it more personalised and sophisticated for the readers who choose to engage with the stores

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8
Q

Why does The Voice tactically use a cross-formatting of aesthetic across the website and newspaper?

A

This helps to maximise brand recognition

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9
Q

What content does The Voice focus on?

A

framed around anything that is relatable for the Black British community.

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10
Q

How can the papers headlines and images be analysed under semiotics?

A

All the headlines act as enigma codes, revealing key information, but withholding enough to create clickbait, similarly the images used may only be fully understood by leading the article

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11
Q

What’s an example of a headline creating enigma and action codes?

A

Failed again: Windrush victims hit by pension losses

Who’s failed them again; who’s to blame? Why have they been hit by pension losses? How will this affect my pension?

The use of the word again creates an action code, as it creates frustrations for the reader, because this isn’t the first time this group have been victimised. Shows how there is a constant lack of consideration for this group and how the article is framed to aim frustrations at the government

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12
Q

What is the writing style of the paper (mode of address)?

A

lack of emotive, hyperbolic and sensationalist language. Instead it’s factual and uses unemotional language. They appear as a credible and ‘level-headed’ source of reliable information
-headlines as enigma codes
-succinct sentences which are short and to the point
The language somewhat reinforces binary oppositions arguably of the west vs the rest as the language conveys an us against them narrative. This portrays an ideological view of the world, as it encourages black people to tell their stories of struggle
The language looks to celebrate black successes, encouraging the community and looking to raise each other up in the hope to inspire the next generation

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13
Q

What’s an example of a headline used which creates gratifications of relatability for one group by directing frustrations at another group?

A

‘Black women express concerns for their safety after Tory donor’s racist comments’

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14
Q

What’s the layout of the website like?

A

White background to prevent pictures from clashing and is conventional of news sites
Fixed banner at the top with various tabs and links to socials. This disappears as you scroll down and so is less easy to navigate than a floating banner
Grid of stories with a descending hierarchy of importance to signify which stories to read first. Each story is on a card, which is inspired by a social media interface. Makes it easier for a phone user
Logo- conventional at the top left and when you click on it, it takes you back to home page
Connectivity- links and icons direct you to other social media outlets, as well as the subscribe button directing you to a page about price
The burger icon (three horizontal lines) loads a full list of categories and subcategories

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15
Q

What is the narratology of the paper like?

A

Uses the inverted pyramid structure, highlighting how the main function of the paper is to convey information rather than evoke an emotional response. This makes it seem trusted and places importance on the truth

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16
Q

What are the main categories in the banner and what does this reflect?

A

News
Sport
Lifestyle
Entertainment
Competitions
Opinion
Faith

This shows how while they still have some focus on hard news, they have had to move more towards soft and mainstream news to target their audience. However, it also gives the paper a continued USP as mainstream papers start to cater for a specialised audience.

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17
Q

What are some examples of current headlines that show the paper has become lower brow and more focused on soft news

A

‘Met Gala 2023 in pics’
‘Black British writers being urged to enter children’s book publishing competition’
‘Ghanian architect looking to build for the future’ - example of celebratory language

18
Q

What is the purpose of captions below images?

A

A caption provides anchorage to help us decode the preferred reading.

19
Q

What’s an example of the website featuring elements more like social media?

A

It has a comment box at the bottom of each post.
It also has opinion polls, for example ‘If there was a General Election now, who would you vote for?’
Labour won this by 31% and Conservatives had only 14%, which can be expected from a black community as ethnic groups tend to not support Conservatives given their anti-minority sentiment

20
Q

What’s an example of someone leaving a comment?

A

Unfortunately my local MP is Kier Starmer who is a shocking bad local MP. The thought of him being prime minister is inimical to me. He is dishonest, shows little concern or care for this constituents, he doesn’t stand for anything that I believe in and is a racist!

21
Q

Why are the colours white, grey and red used on the paper?

A

In the 1980s, red-top-tabloids were popular, so it made sense for the paper to conform to a mainstream style, similar to the Sun - it became known as ‘the black sun’. This comes with the hope of unlocking a winning formula and encourage sales

22
Q

What news values does The Voice use?

A

Proximity and personality, interviewing famous people in and around London

23
Q

What are news values?

A

Theory developed by Galtung and Ruge.
Determine which stories should get airtime because they will be popular with readers

24
Q

What are the different news values?

A

Negativity
Proximity: geographically close
Recency
Currency: e.g Brexit
Continuity: if an event goes on for a long time it will give them lots of stories
Uniqueness
Simplicity
Personal/Human interest- inclusion of people and interviewing. Hearing people’s personal angle of the story
Expectedness
Elite people
Exclusivity- unique interviews
Size- how many people did the story affect?

25
Q

How does the front page create an ideological view of the world?

A

Lots of images of black people and headlines containing the words ‘windrush’, ‘carribean’ and ‘black brits’

26
Q

How does the layout of stories contrast with the front page?

A

The organised articles, which are designed to be as clear as possible contrast to a busy front page

27
Q

What kind of newspaper (genre) has the voice now become?

A

A tabloid with soft news

28
Q

Who is represented in the paper?

A

Black British people
Hugely varied age
Many stories come from London with 13.3% of London’s population being British Afro-Carribean, compared to 3% nationally
Christians through the faith related section- 69% of Black brits are Chritian compared to national average of 59%

29
Q

What are some more recent government actions showing how racism is still present in our society?

A

Rise of nationalist parties during Brexit, leading to a rise in racially motivated crime and harassment
Windrush Scandal
Racist comments towards Diane Abbott

30
Q

What is tokenism?

A

A superficial representation of groups who are often under represented in society

31
Q

How have black people often been negatively portrayed in the media?

A

-often represented as exotic
-hooks would argue females are sexualised
-demonised for gang culture and violence
-tokenism or characters are reduced to a basic cliche

32
Q

What is W.E.B Du Bois’s idea of the top tenth?

A

The idea revolves around the belief that 1/10th of the African American population, consisting of the most educated and talented individuals, should lead the struggle for civil rights and upliftment of the entire race. Du Bois argued that by focusing on developing this elite group through education and opportunity, they could act as leaders and catalysts for social change within the broader African American community.

33
Q

What are examples of the Voice Newspaper celebrating black success?

A

-Ryan Calais Cameron gets a Westend Run
Dina Asher-Smith key cog in Team Unstoppable

34
Q

How is Du Bois’s idea represented by The Voice?

A

By celebrating the achievements of the top 10% of society, the paper encourages and inspires the rest of the black population

35
Q

What was the Sun’s headline that of the Brixton riots? What effect does this have?

A

‘To think this is England’
The headline reinforces the binary opposition between the civilised England and the savage Other. The audience are positioned to sympathise with the cowering police officers who are under attack.

36
Q

How can Gilroy be applied to the paper?

A

Before the existence of the paper, tabloids were creating ideas of black people existing as part of an uncivilised society. However, the paper tries to unite trans-Atlantic diasporas and gives them a voice to be heard through.
However, as people become more accepting of The Voice’s specialised audience and the mainstream starts to cater for them, the reinforcement of the west v the rest is hindering them: they need to start seeing black people as part of individual groups rather than creating them into a generalised ‘other’ audience

37
Q

What is cultural imperialism?

A

When one’s culture’s ideas and values dominate over another

38
Q

What’s an example of the Voice creating headlines that focus on the multicultural, diverse nature of British culture

A

Exclusive: UK’s first Black-owned journalism school for children to open

39
Q

What’s an example of the Voice conveying an alternative representation of black people?

A

In January 2023, an article was released with the image of a black, LGBTQ+ man who was wearing rainbow makeup in the shape of a butterfly that surrounded his eye. Our eyes are immediately therefore drawn to his eye meaning the audience must accept him for who he is, rather than look elsewhere; people must become comfortable with this, showing the Voice’s ideological view of the world. He also uses direct address showing he’s fearless and not afraid of judgement

40
Q

How does the Voice align with Hall’s theory of representation?

A

It looks to represent the Black British community accurately, from a position of community rather than play into stereotypes that we usually get from hegemonic media; production of countertypes. Rather than portraying them under Alvarado’s theory that black people are either pitied, comedic, dangerous or exotic, they are seen to be celebrated. This creates a reflective view of the world as black people should be celebrated, but also an intentional view of the world as we are framed to view the people in an admired way, because they producer is setting an agenda to show stories of the innocent being oppressed and then rising up against the odds

41
Q

What have critics said that shows that The Voice is constructed in an intentional way?

A

The Voice has been criticised by rials for being too ‘doom and gloom’ about the lives of Black British people, pushing the victim narrative

42
Q

What’s an example of the Voice coming across as ‘doom and gloom’?

A

One lady said: “I have become numb to this level of hatred and like many black women, I have been forced to adopt coping mechanisms to survive the unkindness and vitriol we are too often faced with”