The Urinary System Flashcards
nephr/o
kidney
ren/o
kidney
cyst/o
urinary bladder
vesic/o
urinary bladder
urethr/o
urethra
ureter/o
ureter
pyel/o
renal pelvis
functions of the urinary system
filter out cellular waste/toxins/excess water from blood
produce and excrete urine
fluid/electrolyte balance
pH and bp regulation
kidneys - what/where/function
what = two bean shaped organs, each = fist size
where = posterior on abdominal wall, either side of spine, outside peritoneum
function = produce urine
ureter - what/where/function
what = tubes that carry urine from kidney to bladder
where = 3 layers, fibrous outer/smooth muscle middle/mucosa inner
function = conduct urine to the bladder via peristalsis
urinary bladder - what/where/function
what = distensible (extend/contract) muscular sac
outer - loose connective tissue (blood/lymph vessels)
middle - detrusor muscle (contract to empty - smooth muscle)
inner - transitional epithelium (expand when required)
where = posterior to pubic symphysis
function = storage of urine
urethra - what/where/function
what = muscular tube/canal, surrounded by internal and external urethral sphincter
where = extends from bladder to exterior (males only - runs within prostate gland)
function = carry urine from bladder to outside of body
function of kidneys
main = filter blood and produce urine
other = excrete waste, regulation of pH, electrolytes and fluid, produce renin
nephron structure
functional unit of the kidney, microscopic structural unit
contains tubules + loop of Henle, bowman’s capsule and glomerulus
urine formation - filtration
where - glomerulus
what - passive, non-selective process driven by pressure small molecules e.g. water, AA, glucose, urea pass through semi permeable membrane while larger molecules e.g. proteins do not
