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Yr 12 VET Health 2022 > The Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoid

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2
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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3
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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4
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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5
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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6
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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7
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

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8
Q

upper respiratory tract - nose/nasal cavity

A

includes nasal septum and sinuses

structure = large irregular cavity, divided into 2 equal parts, mucous membrane

function = warm, moisten and filter air entering respiratory system

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9
Q

upper respiratory tract - pharynx

A

common name = throat

structure = tube, travels behind mouth to C6, 3 parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngeal pharynx

function = passage for food/air, warm/moisten/filter air, assist with speech

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10
Q

upper respiratory tract - larynx

A

voice box

structure = flexible, composed of thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid cartilage

function = respiratory (allows air to pass through while stopping food/liquid entering), speech (houses vocal cords)

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11
Q

respiratory function of the larynx

A

pulmonary aspiration = condition in which food/liquid/saliva/vomit breathed into airways

preventing aspiration:

  1. larynx lifts up to level of epiglottis
  2. epiglottis closes over closing to larynx
  3. food bolus passes into esophagus
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12
Q

alveol/o

A

alveoli (air sacks)

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13
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchial tube

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14
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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15
Q

pneumon/o

A

lung

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16
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

17
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

18
Q

lower respiratory tract - trachea

A

windpipe that divides into left and right bronchi

structure = 3 layers:
outermost = elastic/fibrous, encloses cartilage
middle = cartilage, bands of smooth muscle
inner lining = columnar epithelium, ciliated with mucous
secreting cells

function = allow air to pass through to bronchi

19
Q

lower respiratory tract - bronchi and bronchioles

A

bronchi = large airways, branch off trachea, bronchioles = smaller divisions of the bronchi

structure = right bronchus (shorter/wider, 3 bronchioles, 1 for each lobe) and left bronchus (2 bronchioles, 1 for each lobe)

function = pathway for air between trachea and alveoli

20
Q

lower respiratory tract - alveoli

A

structure = single cell thick, surrounded by capillary network, tiny sacs = clusters

function = exchange O2 and CO2 to and from bloodstream (gaseous exchange)

21
Q

lungs - structure + function

A

located in thoracic cavity, left = 2 lobes = superior/inferior, right = 3 lobes = superior/middle/inferior

structure = cone shaped, apex, base, tip, costal and medial surface

function = provide gas exchange b/w blood and external environment

22
Q

pleura - structure + function

A

lungs covered with thin serous layer = pleura

structure:
visceral pleura = covers lungs inc. each fissure and lobe
parietal pleura = covers inner chest wall of thoracic cavity

function = lubrication = reduce friction during breathing

23
Q

ventilation

A

movement of air into and out of the lungs via inspiration and exhalation

24
Q

respiration

A

movement of air/oxygen from the external environment to the cells of the body

25
Q

aerobic cellular respiration

A

chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down glucose to release energy

26
Q

gas exchange

A

delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs

27
Q

features of gas exchange to increase efficiency

A

thin walls = reduced diffusion pathway
good blood supply = maintains concentration gradient
large surface area
moist surfaces = gasses can dissolve before diffusion

28
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

29
Q

coni/o

A

dust

30
Q

atelectasis

A 
atel = incomplete 
ectasis = dilation/stretching/widening

therefore atelectasis = incomplete widening of the lungs =
‘collapsed lung’

31
Q

inhalation/inspiration

A

diaphragm + intercostals contract

ribcage move up and out

visceral pleura pulled outwards

increase thoracic volume = decrease intrathoracic and interpulmonary pressure = air sucked into lungs

32
Q

exhalation/expiration

A

diaphragm + intercostals relax

ribcage move down and in

elastic lung tissue recoils

decrease thoracic volume = increase intrathoracic and interpulmonary pressure = air pushed out of lungs

33
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

34
Q

-pnoea

A

breathing

35
Q

actions of respiratory muscles during inspiration

A

neck/chest muscles -> increase expansion of ribcage
includes: sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
scalenes (anterior/middle/posterior)
pec major and minor

36
Q

actions of respiratory muscles during exhalation

A

allow forceful expiration - often with exercise

includes: abdominals (rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques, transverse abdominals)

37
Q

controlling respiratory rate

A

chemoreceptors detect and monitor CO2 levels in body

increase CO2 = increase resp. rate to blow off extra
decrease CO2 = decrease resp. rate

Yr 12 VET Health 2022 (19 decks)

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