Anatomical positions Flashcards

1
Q

standard anatomic position

A

standing upright, arms by side, palms facing forward

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2
Q

superior

A

above

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3
Q

inferior

A

below

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4
Q

medial

A

middle (closer to middle)

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5
Q

lateral

A

side (further from middle)

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6
Q

anterior

A

in front

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7
Q

posterior

A

behind

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8
Q

proximal

A

closer to origin of a part

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9
Q

distal

A

further from origin of a part

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10
Q

superficial

A

closer to skin

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11
Q

deep

A

further from skin

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12
Q

internal

A

inside

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13
Q

external

A

outside

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14
Q

ventral

A

‘belly’ = closer to the belly surface

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15
Q

dorsal

A

‘back’ = closer to the back surface

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16
Q

palmar

A

opposite surface to the dorsum of the hand

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17
Q

plantar

A

opposite surface to the dorsum of the foot

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18
Q

cranial

A

skull, towards the head

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19
Q

caudial

A

tail, towards the tail

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20
Q

rostral

A

beak, closer to the front within the head

21
Q

occipital

A

closer to the back within the head

22
Q

bilateral

A

paired structures on both left and right side of body

23
Q

unilateral

A

unpaired structure on just one side of the body (L/R)

24
Q

ipsilateral

A

structures on the same side of the body

25
contralateral
structures on the opposite side of the body
26
frontal/coronal plane
vertical plane that divides body into front and back portions
27
sagittal/lateral plane
vertical plane that divides body into right and left sides
28
transverse/axial plane
horizontal plane that divides body into upper and lower portions, creating a cross section
29
body cavity
any space or compartment, or potential space, in the animal body contains organs and fluid main cavities = dorsal (back) and ventral (belly)
30
ventral cavity -> thoracic
organs - heart, lungs | membranous lining - pericardium, pleura
31
ventral cavity -> abdominal
organs - digestive organs, spleen, kidneys | membranous lining - peritoneum
32
ventral cavity -> pelvic
organs - bladder, reproductive organs | membranous lining - peritoneum
33
dorsal cavity -> vertebral
organs - spinal cord | membranous lining - meninges
34
dorsal cavity -> cranial
organs - brain | membranous lining - meninges
35
elevation
movement in a superior direction
36
depression
movement in an inferior direction
37
protraction
body part moved forwards/anterior direction (scapula, mandible)
38
retraction
body part moved backwards/posterior direction (scapula, mandible)
39
eversion
rotating sole of foot outward
40
inversion
rotating sole inwards
41
dorsiflexion
pointing toes upwards
42
plantarflexion
pointing toes downwards
43
rotation
bone or limb pivots around a joint
44
pronation
rotation of forearm so palmar surface points downwards
45
supination
rotation of forearm so palmar surface points upwards
46
flexion
bending of limb or joint to decrease joint angle
47
extension
straightening or limb or joint to increase joint angle
48
abduction
body part moving away from midline of body
49
adduction
body part moving towards midline of the body