The Lymphatic System

Question 1

lymph/o

Answer 1

lymph fluid

Question 2

lymphaden/o

Answer 2

lymph node (gland)

Question 3

lymphangi/o

Answer 3

lymph vessel

Question 4

splen/o

Answer 4

spleen

Question 5

thym/o

Answer 5

thymus

Question 6

myel/o

Answer 6

bone marrow

Question 7

aden/o

Answer 7

gland

Question 8

primary tissue

Answer 8

what - sites where B and T lymphocytes are produced and mature

B - bone marrow
T - thymus

Question 9

secondary tissue

Answer 9

what - sites where lymphocytes interact and filter extracellular waste e.g. lymph, tissue fluid, blood

lymph nodes
spleen
tonsil
adenoids
peyer's patches

Question 10

fluid components

Answer 10

lymph = clear liquid akin to plasma, carries waste, filters debris from system

plasma = in blood
tissue fluid = surrounding tissues
lymph = within lymph vessels

Question 11

function #1

Answer 11

collect excess tissue fluid from the fluid around cells (extracellular fluid) and return it to the circulatory system

Question 12

lymph capillaries - structure to function

Answer 12

thin single epithelial cell wall -> tissue fluid easily pass into system

overlapping epithelial cells -> gap -> fluid can move in but prevent backflow

interlaced with arterioles/venules/capillary beds -> easily access cells to collect excess waste

closed at one end -> terminals

Question 13

lymph vessels - structure to function

Answer 13

valves -> prevent backflow

larger than capillaries -> carries lymph from capillaries to ducts

Question 14

thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

Answer 14

thoracic - drain lymph from legs, abdominopelvic, left half of thorax, head, neck, left arm

right lymphatic - right half of thorax, head, neck, right arm

Question 15

how does lymph fluid move?

Answer 15

muscle pump effect - skeletal muscles contract and relax causing milking action that moves lymph

valves prevent back flow

smooth muscle lining vessel walls contract

Question 16

function #2

Answer 16

immune response:
produce + mature lymphocytes -> specific immunity

filter for and destroy foreign particles

Question 17

bone marrow -> structure + function

Answer 17

structure - inside of spongy bone

function - create B/T lymphocytes, mature B lymphocytes

Question 18

thymus gland -> structure + function

Answer 18

structure - found just above heart

function - develop/mature T lymphocytes

Question 19

lymph nodes -> structure + function

Answer 19

structure - small clustered lumps of specialised tissue, contain lymphocytes/phagocytes/NK cells

function - filter lymph fluid, remove foreign particles and break down, sample tissue for non-self antigen to create an immune response

Question 20

spleen -> structure + function

Answer 20

structure - found in left hypochondriac region of abdomen

function - filter blood by removing viruses, bacteria + other foreign particles

Question 21

MALT

Answer 21

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
found within genitourinary/respiratory/gastrointestinal tracts -> open to external environment
do not filter lymph = tonsils/peyer’s patches

Question 22

tonsils -> structure + function

Answer 22

structure - found in mouth and throat

function - destroy inhaled antigens/pathogens

Question 23

peyer’s patches -> structure + function

Answer 23

structure - found in small intestine

function - destroy ingested/swallowed antigens/pathogens

Question 24

function #3

Answer 24

absorbs fat from the digestive system and transports it to the circulatory system

Question 25

lacteal -> structure + function

Answer 25

structure - specialised lymphatic capillary found in villi of the small intestine

function - absorb digested fat/lipids from the small intestine

Question 26

absorption of fats

Answer 26

eaten and digested -> small intestine > absorbed > lacteal > thoracic duct -> blood

Question 27

maintaining a healthy lymphatic system

Answer 27

drinking water = decreased viscosity

regular exercise = increased circulation

healthy diet = decreased artery narrowing

massage = milking action = increased circulation

manual lymph drainage therapy