The United States by 1975 Flashcards
How far did the watergate scandal develop the Republican Party and the government positions in the US by (1975)?
Poltical party changes:
-Gerald ford succeed as president (1973), from Nebraska, naval officer in WW2, represented grand rapids in house of representatives since (1949), gained Republican nomination(1976) (B: became vice president after Agnew resignation
(1973), lost 1976 election)
-ford pardoned Nixon, avoid scandals plaguing US politics, protected Nixon relatives, earned name ‘mr nice guy’ (B: heavily criticised)
-presidential order gave immunity to ‘draft dodgers’
-(1975) January left wing radical bombing at the capital , the pentagon and state department
-(1975) March, John mitchel and Bob halderman (part of Nixon office) were jailed
-(1975) March, California assassination attempts on ford. Suspects put to prison for more than 30 years after (B: fortunate gun was jammed for first attempt and shot missed for second )
-(1975) , August, at Arlington national cemetery at Arlington house, Gerald ford signed senate joint resolution to restore Robert lees (commander of confederate army) US citizenship
How far did the US economy and society develop to cause an end to the US trente Glorieuse by (1975)?
(1975) May , annual unemployment rose to 8%
-(1973) Arab oil embargo cause an oil crisis
-(1973-74) stock markets crash
-US out of reccesion by (1975) (B: growth remain slow until 1980s)
-(1975) US dollar rose by a dollar from 1970
-Ford refuse to financial support city’s like New York to prevent them from becoming bankrupt = financial crisis, social deprivation rose (B: emergency financial control board established, restricted city’s debts and cut spending = recovery)
-New York population was 7.5 million and Los Angeles was 2.8 million by (1975)
-continued ‘flight to the suburbs’
How far did television and cinema position change and develop in US society and culture by (1975)?
Reflected popular political paranoia culture :
-(1974) the parallax view film about conspiracies and political assassination
-(1975) began filming all the presidents men based on book on watergate affair by Washington reporters
-the company book written by John ehriclmean whilst in prison about poltical scheming by CIA and White House became TV series Washington behind closed doors (1977)
How far did role of women change in the US by (1975)?
Did:
-second wave of feminism still strong feminist revolution published
-first international women’s year celebrated
-First Lady , betty ford gave suport to equal rights amendment campaign
-campaigns to fight sexual violence against women began , pushed in books ( against our will
-native American female feminist , not mario publish her first book of poems the last song
-(1975) ‘Person of the year’ on cover of the times was group of 12 women inc. betty ford, Susan brownmuller
Not:
-not shared by all women , many poor and prefer traditional roles. Attracted to Reagans social conservative agenda in his running for presidency as Republican candidate (1975)
How far was youth culture and age of protest in US society and economy by (1975)?
-radical groups like weather underground continue hard edged radicalsm youth protests
-youth groups moved towards more mainstream politics to achieve goals: Tom Hayden planned campaign for primary election (1976) to represent California in senate
Youth culture:
- dark, angry tone of rock and folk music, (but not dominant nor towards veitnam . Bob Dylan less relevant and Olivia newton john favourite pop female artist (1975) song were used in grease film (1978) )
How important was the new left ideology towards impacting US society and economy by (1975)?
-Marxist historian, Gabriel Kolko book the limits of power attacked US policy on Cold War . Taught at York university, Toronto (b: deemed to radical for US universities)
(1976) William appleman William publish book ‘America confronts a revolutionary world’
Howard Zinn, soon publish famous poeples history of US book taught at Boston university,(B: had strenuous relations with conservative texas university president )
-(1972) social conservatives Nixon won victory landslide (B: undermined by watergate scandal)
-Reagan gained support for social conservatives values in his run for Republican presenting nomination (1976)
How far did the civil rights movement change and develop African American position in US society and culture by (1975)?
Limited impact:
-(1974) Huey Newton, black panthers leader, fled from the US for Cuba to avoid arrest, and success Elaine brown ran for election to Oakland city council
-(1975) Elijah Muhammad, leader of Nation of Islam did, and succeeded by his more moderate son
Improve:
-first black owner of a TV station (WGPR)
-first medical school for black students established in Atlanta?
-Arthur Ashe became first black Wimbledon tennis champion
-Frank Robinson, first black baseball manager
-Lee Elder, first black man to appear as a golfer at the masters at Augusta, Georgia
What was the position of native Americans like in US society and culture by (1975)?
protest reignited for Native American self determination in 1960s and 1970s, pushed by and alongside the civil rights movements
-(1975) Indian self determination and education assistance act: respected native rights and reversed policy of assimilation
-(1973) American Indian movement activist occupied wounded knee (B: caused intense stand of with police and FBI)
-(1975) pine ridge reservation shooting: two FBI and 1 Native American were killed in shootout between AIM radicals and FBI
-(1976) Anna Mae Aquash murder , AIM activist killed for been suspected of an FBI informer
