American Foreghn Policy (1865-1890) Flashcards
Why was foreign entanglements/ policy limited in America 1865-1877?
-American exceptionalism
-avoid entanglement with ‘old Europe’
-US wanted to :
• stabilize relations with Mexico & Canada
• stabilize west
• complete territorial consolidation
-Spain was anxious to protect remaining colonies against US expansion
-Monroe doctrine
Why did America want to stabilize relations with Mexico and Canada?
-there was British tensions over US-Canada border as Britain had supported the confederacy
-Americans were hostile to interference in Mexico (Maximilian of Austrian gain Imperial rule of Mexico, who feared the dangers of American democracy)
what was the influence of the Monroe doctrine towards Americans foreign Policy in Mexico ?
[this was to defend the Monroe doctrine]
-Maximilian of Austria had caused an initial response by congress to deploy and army for potential “invasion” by Mexicans (1863)
Although William Seward decided to use diplomatic pressure in:
-Caribbean & pacific islands
-treaty’s negotiated in columbia to build canal
-midways island (Hawaii)
-Alaska purchase from Russia in 1867
Why did the potential Mexican invasion fail? And how did this affect Monroe doctrine belief?
[napeolean third of France lost interest, Maximilian was ineffective ruler who lost interest and was executed in (1867)]
had reinforced Monroe doctrine as Europeans forced had left Mexico, further encouraging expansion
What was American foreign policy during William sewerd role as security of state?
Alaska:
-(1867) purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million from Russia thinking area was ‘sewered ice box’
-had string commercial links for ports like Seattle & Dan Francisco (good for china exports)
Dominican Republic:
-congress refuse to colonize Dominican Republic
China:
-(1868) Burlingame treaty: allow free movement of people & trade for railroad development in exchange for china appointing consults at us ports
How was there further Monroe doctrine influence during Hamilton fish as secretary of state
-establish protectorate with Dominican Republic
-(1873) trade treaty with Hawai lead(duty free sugar) to 1889 Hawai annexation
-(1878) treaty of trade with Samoa
: establish naval station & use coal station
Who was William Seward ?
-governer of New York (1838-1842)
-was secretary of state in 1860 in union until 1869
-purchase of Alaska reflect manifest destiny beliefs
What was US foreign policy like from 1877-1890?
(1882) secutart of navy advocated new expansion. So in (1887) established naval base at pearl Harbour in Hawaii
(1881) pan American conference
-involved America discussing with countries to prevent war & encourage trade
(1889) conference settled with recilbortory agreement & weak arbitration system (allowed countries to leave system)
Us gain less benafit in South America
(1882) Chinese exclusion act after growing tensions in USA
What were some treaty’s America made with native Americans?
(1867) treaty of medicine lodge: establish Indian territory border to control white enrichment (was between Indian peace commission, Comanche, Apache, Cheyenne
(1868) treaty of fort Laramie: protect natives from corrupt agent & exploit settlers
What territorial consolidation was there in America?
(1803) Louisiana purchase
Spain ceded Florida (1818)
Mexican war gained California (south west (1846)
(Post 1865 Alaska, Great Plains & far west incorporated into US)
What was the national myth?
Settling of ‘empty lane’ was great meal for modernity and progress to civilize native Americans.
(native Americans were depicted racially and culturally inferior)
What events had created Canada tension for the US?
(In 1865 Canada borders had been agreed between 1842-1846 that created the Demarcation line 49th parallel in east Canada )
[although there was no regulation in west borders]
1867– Britain made Canada self governing dominion (was Firefox & defense control by Britain)
events-afterwards impacting tension:
-Fenain river
-red river colony
-western Canadian provinces of British Columbia
How did Fenian raids impact US tension with canada?
• (1866-1867) five fenian raids into Canada by fenian brotherhoods
But the US was distracted by confederate warship ‘Alabama claims”
We’re eventually arrested, however the fear grew and had resulted in Canada forming a confederation (affect expansion/ rising power)
How did red river colony’s impact US tension with canada?
Settlers view river as good for development from its fertile land
-but was reduced after Alabama claims settled in (1872)
How did western Canadian provinces of British Columbia impact tension with Canada?
• purchase of (1867) Alaska caused British Columbia to be the country delegating US from Alaska
However British Columbia joined Canada confederation as they promised to complete national railway connecting to other Canadian territories by (1886)
(By 1871 tension between us and Canada was low)
