1877-1890 america (guilded age) Flashcards
what were the problems in america 1877-1890?(17)
-expensive for manufactures to operate, cuasing them to get funds and borrow money, they couldnt pay back
-rise of capitilism
-increased poor poeple (young men and 5 year olds work in factories for low wages)
-(1879) boiler at bryans brickwork factory exploded, killing 5 men ( industrial not sustainable)
-‘green back’ currency to change to gold in 1879 contributed to economic depression
-robber barons caused americans to go through hardship
-oil bussines men failed to coopirate together to advance american industry
- poeple worked harder and wouldnt recieve higher pay
-a financial crisis in america
-rising class consciuos and clas hostility
-indistrilisation slowed down increase rate of birth rages
-steerage had bad living conditions for emmigrants travelling to america
-immagrants harder to settle in america, politicans not willing to support them and could easiky get caught up in scandals .(were expolited)
-railroad strikes and riots in 1877’
-hatnaker affair in chicago in 1886
-violent revolutionist in immagrants from political and economic terms (less enmity)
-chinease exclusion act 1882
-congress put immagration restrictions on races like irish and japanese (not northen euro poeple)
what were the achivemants of america 1877-1890?(18)
-indistrial revolution in america
-thomas edison inventing the light bulb. phonograph(gramaphone)
-america became extremly wealthy
-development of railroads create metropolitan centres and towns
(cody, wyoming)
-railroad made goods sold more cheaply
-1890 166,703 miles of railroad. companies having as many as 36,000 employees
-gov sold land near railroads
-population 63 mil by 1899
-more developed market
-development of monoply bussines (US Steel) first billion dollar trust by john pierpoint morgan, andrew carneigie
-produce more gold than australia, more iron and steel than germany, more cotton that GB, more wheat than russia
-mortality rise for emmigrants accros sea (1880. <400,000 travel, 256 died)
-industrilisation improve dock market(dunard, white star compete with eachother)
-city bosses and men look after immagrants
-788.992 immagrants came to america in 1882
what occurd in the 1876 election?
-ruthord hayes chose to fight for presidancy in election for republicans (grant to corrupt)
-samual tildon was democrat canidate for election
-election was close, tildon won popular vote
-democrats claimed tildon won south carolina, florida and louisiana electorate vites. allowing him to be presidant. but republicans disqaulified votes and hayes won vote
(“a disastorous political stale mate”)
what occurd in the 1877 compramise?
-congress convenes special electorate commission which consisted of 15 members; seven republicans, seven domocrats and one independant. whi resighned and was replaced by republican. so hayes won vote
–hayes the. offered tildon to remove federal troops from south. provide federal aid and back raikroad and public works in south… allowing democrats to recognise hayes as a legitame presidant.
(14.15 ammemndamts became meaningless)
who was ruthord hayes and what occurd during his presidancy?
-lawyer from ohio. presidant 1877. 1861 volunteer to serve officer in union army.
-he strengthenes political opposition== gain control of florida, louisiana, south carolina. easily dismanteling reformist legislations
(moderate)
-not seek re-election in 1880
-attempted to reform civil services(remove patronage: which involved giving loyal supporters with public posts to enrich themselves) jobs give on merit
—caused party divisions and he sacked chester auther( stalwart ally)
(Patronage practice was known as “Spoils system”)
what occured in the build up to the 1880 election?
the national nominating convention had:
-stalwarts: poeple opposing government policies towards spoil system led by roscoe concling. Who supported Ulysses S grant to gain power
and ‘half breeds’ were a reformist group led by james blaine.
-but james garfield emerged as powerful with chester arthur as running mate
what occured during james garfields amd chester arthurs presdency?
garflield won 1880 election, won popilar vote by 10,000. was self-educated, born in canin. respectes for honesty and who he appointed to high positions. forced resognation of corrupt ring leader.
encourage civil service reform
(1881) was assasinated by stalwart from being shot twice
Chester arthur had links to conkling and “spoil system” passed pendleton act (1883):promote merit services chinease exclusion act.
who was and what occured in grover clevaland presidancy
was mayor of buffalo and governer of new york state. won presidancy in 1884 and 1892 but underminded by panic of 1893 and populism
gained support from immagrants and southerners by promosing to keep tarrifs low and tackle corruption of spoil system(ange pro-bussines republicans)
refused to go along with demand of the grand army of the republic
-reduced federal employees. vetoed republican acts
who was samuel tildon?
succesful coroporate lawyer
-elected governer of new york (1874) attempt curb financial corruption
- canidate for presidant for democrats, bit defeated
- fortune used to fund new york public librart
who was benjamin harrison?
-cold layer, known as “human iceburg”
-fought on union side of civil war- elected senator in indiana
-won presidancy in 1888, mostly focusing his campaign on high protective tariffs.
gave rewards to grand army of the republic and federal army of hospital veterans caused more corruption
-had passed McKinley tariff act which increased tariffs
why was there political corruption in the gilded age?
-pork barrel politics: reward favoured poeple who backed them/ state legislatures, created political machines (tammy hall, used to remove democrats)
-cartels and trusts: combination companies join together to raise capital to gain market control (could buy politicans)
-was some attempts att fighting pareonage and “spoil system” in era of weal presidancy
GROVER CLEVELAND made anti-corruption campaighn in 1884 but still failed
by 1890 critisicim in corruption pished congress tonpassing sherman anti trust act to ensure fair competition in bussines and restrict monopolies.
