American Society 1890-1920 Flashcards
What was mass immigration like in 1890-1920?
-immigration caused by expansion of economy , need for labor
-most immigrants went to urban areas
-cities shaped culture:
• ‘little Italy’ in New York & ‘polish
triangle’ in Chicago
-(1890-1919) 18.4 million immigrants to US
-large immigration from Austria-Hungry, Italy and Russia
-(1890) immigration centre to ‘castle garden’ in New York closed as it couldn’t cope with mass immigration
-60% Italians returned home
- 3% ‘Russian Jews’ returned homw
-16% of Italian men skilled workers
- 2/3 Jewish men skilled workers
What were some push factors for mass immigration? (1890-1920)
Poverty & hunger in Italy
‘Russification’ in tsarist Russia
What were some pull factors for immigration? (1890-1920)
-Idealised freedom belief in America
-Transportation and communication improvements
-joining established communities
-developed ships and ports (Liverpool)
What was urbanization like in American 1890-1920 society?
-was taller buildings that competed for space & public attention
-rapid
- rise in civic buildings
- rise in commercials
- cities (Chicago) lively
- cinemas emerged known as Nickelodeons
Rose due to:
- driven by immigrants
- migration from countryside
- (1910) African Americans move north from south
- increased from war
-[demand for construction, service industries, sweatshops in garment industry
What were the consequences of immigration? (1890-1920)
Social and ethnic divisions
Regional divisions
What were American divisions like with immigrants in 1890-1920?
• discrimination
• caused immigrants to seek support from politician’s (involve themselves with political machines ,tammy hall,)
• joined trade unions (AFL led by Samuel Gompers)
• tension between old & new immigrants as new immigrants formed pools of cheap and skilled workers , potentially used to under cut wages and beat strikes
• strikes blamed on foreigners
• religious problems between Catholics and Protestant
• blamed “foreign agitators” on strikes like homestead strike (1892)
What was society like in the northeast America ? (1890-1920)
Modernisation & social change greatest in north
(Powerhouse industries)
More ‘European’
Most immigration
Made social trends look nationwide
What was American society like in the south (1890-1920?)
Dominated at state & federal level by Democratic Party
King cotton dominated
White society clanged to segregation
Little immigration
African American left south to settle north
(11 Italian Americans killed by lynch mob In New Orleans (1991))
What was societal developments like in the west of America?
• some states not achieve statehood until (1912?
• Denver & west coast ports rapidly developed
• had ghost towns ‘tent city’s’ in Colorado during Alaska-Yukon gold rush
• influenced by ideas on rugged individualism
• varied African American and Mexican immigrants
What was progressive movement like in American society?
Caused:
-rise in newspaper, magazines, moral values
-‘muckering’ by journalists occurred which exposed corruption in society like high industrialists and “graft” “kickbacks” and “jobs for the boys” in city halls
-campaigns against child labour
-fierce deduction of appalling neglect by garment employees = triangle shirt waist factory fire (1911)
-divided middle class progressive and working class progressives
-influential pressure in anti-saloon league
-women suffrage
How did progressivism influence women’s suffrage?
-growth in movement
-(1909) national American women suffrage association organised public rallies
-(1913) leader Emmeline Pankhurst made fiery speech to huge crowds at rally in New York
What was the worst consequence of progressivism?
Increase belief in nativism== to revival of KKK in (1915)
Who was carrier nation and what were her beliefs?
Believed in direct action against demon drink, husband was alcoholic.
she smashed bar with hail of large stones. Used trade marks “Carrie nation Axe”
How far did development occur for African Americans during 1890-1920s? (7)
(1890) Jim Crow system & white supremacist made it difficult to achieve equality
(1899-1929) 3165 African Americans lynched by majority whitemen. Fewer than 50% arrested & only 4 sentenced
(1901) anti-lynching bill drafted but rejected by congress
(1900) violence between African Americans and Irish
(1909) formation of national association for advancement of coloured poeple, led by W.E.B Bjs to abolish segregation
Theodore Roosevelt invited booker T Washington to White House
-black leader’s disillusioned by Taft’s cautious approach & wilson and racist socialist leaders
What situations hindered black equality (1890-1920)?
Poll tax
(1898) “grandfather clause’ where if father citizen before 1867, they vote
(1890) literacy tests in Mississippi
“Plessy vs Ferguson “
(1895) booker T Washington speech suggest African Americans focus on education & economic progress than removing segregation
