Republican Conservatism (1920-1932)

Question 1

Who was Warren hardening?

Answer 1

-popular, reassuring and in tune with national mood
-elected president in 1920
-involved in tea pot dome scandal & his inner circle of political cronies turned his reputation
-emphasized “return to normalicy”

Question 2

What economic reforms occurred during Harding presidency?

Answer 2

-appointed Andrew melon as Secretary of State who believed in free market & minimal business regulation

-(1922) fordeny mcCumber act: pushed tariffs up to an high level
-support for anti-lynching to protect African Americans
-budget reforms

Question 3

How did William hardening fall from power?

Answer 3

-hardening ignored laws of prohibition and had affairs with women

-Harding rose on foundation of Ohio republicans politics and made many of these supporters part of his administration in Washington= causing rumors damaging his image

-(1922) Albert fall, secretary of the interior accused of bribery and corruption in teapot dome scandal
-(1923) assistant attorney general harry M. doughty committed suicide
-(1923) Harding died in San Francisco randomly and later found it to have died from an heart failure

Question 4

Who was Calvin Coolidge ?

Answer 4

Had a public image of being dull, dry, respectful and quite political style
-vice president in (1920)
-president in (1923) after hardings death and elected in (1924)
-believed in small government and low taxes

-refused to run second term for presidency

Question 5

What economic reforms did Calvin Coolidge do?

Answer 5

-kept Andrew melon secretary of treasury

-(1924) Coolidge revenue act: made big cuts to income tax

Question 6

Who was Herbert Hoover?

Answer 6

President in (1929)

Known as ‘great engineer’

Worked on organising emergency relief schemes

-poeple blamed him for the great depression

Question 7

What evidence is there for poeple blaming Hebert Hoover for the Great Depression?

Answer 7

“Hoover blankets” : newspapers homeless poeple covers themselves with

“Hoover villes”: shanty towns of unemployment

Question 8

How did Hebert Hoover respond to the greta depression (1929-1931)?

Answer 8

-Let business air themselves out (1929-1931)
-(1929) passed agricultural marketing act
-(1929) set up federal farm board to provide l loans to farmers cooperatives
-(1930) grain stabilisation corporation set up failed to grantee fair prices as they sank lower=farmers broke
-(1930) smoot-Harley tariff act: increased import duties on 20,000 comodys
-(1930-31) 47 million dollars in loans to farmers from experiences in ‘dust bowl’ but wasn’t enough
-beliefs in volunteerism caused 7 million people unemployed by (1931(

Question 9

How did Herbert Hoover responds to the Great Depression (1932)?

Answer 9

-(1932) reconstruction finance corporation offered 100 million dollar to loans to banks
-(1932) federal home loan bank act: encourage loans to banks to provide more mortgages
-(1932) emergency relief & construction Act: fund states to run public work schemes
-(1932) revenue act: increase tax on business & corporations which slowed consumer spending
-(1932) bonus army expeditary force revolt: 15,000 ex soldiers demand bonus payment veteran receive since (1925) but Hoover rejected them, leading to violent clashes between bonus army and federal troops